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In the late nineteenth century a new form of capitalism emerged in Great Britain and the United States. Before the revolutions in communication and transportation, the owners of firms managed the processes of production, distribution, transportation and communication personally. By the end of the century, however, technological innovation and mass markets fostered the development of large-scale corporate structures, leading to a separation between owners and operators. In this new form of capitalist enterprise managers were increasingly the principal decision makers. This economic transformation spawned social and political tensions which compelled the public and policy makers to decide upon an appropriate response to big business. A primary focus of public discourse was antitrust. This book explores the development of big business and the antitrust response in a comparative context.
Trade regulation --- Trusts, Industrial --- Antitrust law --- History. --- History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- History of North America --- History of the law --- Foreign trade policy --- Economic law --- anno 1800-1999 --- United States --- Great Britain --- 347 <09> --- -Antitrust law --- -Trade regulation --- -Trusts, Industrial --- -Combinations, Industrial --- Combinations in restraint of trade --- Commercial corners --- Commercial trusts --- Corners, Commercial --- Economic concentration --- Industrial combinations --- Industrial groupings --- Industrial trusts --- Big business --- Capital --- Economics --- Cartels --- Competition --- Consolidation and merger of corporations --- Corporations --- Holding companies --- Monopolies --- Restraint of trade --- Regulation of trade --- Regulatory reform --- Commercial law --- Consumer protection --- Deregulation --- Anti-trust law --- Competition law --- 347 <09> Burgerlijk recht. Privaatrecht--Geschiedenis van ... --- Burgerlijk recht. Privaatrecht--Geschiedenis van ... --- History --- Law and legislation --- Law --- Combinations, Industrial --- Burgerlijk recht. Privaatrecht--Geschiedenis van .. --- Burgerlijk recht. Privaatrecht--Geschiedenis van . --- Business, Economy and Management --- Trade regulation - Great Britain - History. --- Trade regulation - United States - History. --- Trusts, Industrial - Great Britain - History. --- Trusts, Industrial - United States - History. --- Antitrust law - Great Britain - History. --- Antitrust law - United States - History. --- Burgerlijk recht. Privaatrecht--Geschiedenis van --- United States of America
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The international spread of antitrust suggested the historical process shaping global capitalism. By the 1930s, Americans feared that big business exceeded the government's capacity to impose accountability, engendering the most aggressive antitrust campaign in history. Meanwhile, big business had emerged to varying degrees in liberal Britain, Australia and France, Nazi Germany, and militarist Japan. These same nations nonetheless expressly rejected American-style antitrust as unsuited to their cultures and institutions. After World War II, however, governments in these nations - as well as the European Community - adopted workable antitrust regimes. By the millennium antitrust was instrumental to the clash between state sovereignty and globalization. What ideological and institutional factors explain the global change from opposing to supporting antitrust? Addressing this question, this book throws new light on the struggle over liberal capitalism during the Great Depression and World War II, the postwar Allied occupations of Japan and Germany, the reaction against American big-business hegemony during the Cold War, and the clash over globalization and the WTO.
Antitrust law --- -Antitrust law --- -Capitalism --- -Free enterprise --- -AA / International- internationaal --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- JP / Japan - Japon --- DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- AU / Australia - Australië - Australie --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 338.50 --- 338.45 --- 338.313 --- economie (internationaal) --- kapitalisme --- Anti-trust law --- Competition --- Competition law --- Trusts, Industrial --- Market economy --- Free markets --- Laissez-faire --- Markets, Free --- Private enterprise --- History --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Vormen van monopolistische orde (algemeenheden). Economisch malthusianisme --- Industriële autarkie. Economisch nationalisme. Verankering van vennootschappen --- Kapitalisme --- Law and legislation --- Law --- Capitalism --- Free enterprise --- 330.342.14 --- 338 <09> --- 347.7 --- Commercial law --- Trade regulation --- 330.342.14 Kapitalistische economie. Free enterprise. Markteconomie. Vrije concurrentie --- Kapitalistische economie. Free enterprise. Markteconomie. Vrije concurrentie --- 347.7 Handelsrecht --- Handelsrecht --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis --- JAPAN -- 930.34 --- AUSTRALIA -- 930.34 --- EUROPE -- 930.34 --- USA -- 930.34 --- AA / International- internationaal --- History. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Arts and Humanities --- Antitrust law - History --- Antitrust law - United States - History --- Antitrust law - Japan - History --- Antitrust law - Europe - History --- Antitrust law - Australia - History --- Capitalism - Moral and ethical aspects --- Free enterprise - Moral and ethical aspects
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