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This book is based on a research project sponsored by the European Commission (DG XII, Human Dimension of Environmental Change). It focuses on how companies calculate environmental costs in support of management decisions, exploring the possible contribution that management accounting may make to environmental management in a European context. A conceptual framework is developed within which the relationship between the two activities can be charted and analyzed. The work is based on a survey of 84 European companies and 15 company-based case studies in Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK. The project produced unique empirical materials. It affords important insights into how companies can apply the principles of environmental accounting. It shows where existing accounting structures are helpful and where new sources of information are needed to address the environmental issues with which companies are confronted. It shows the potential usefulness of different accounting concepts and techniques in the environmental area.

Accountancy --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Environmental auditing. --- Environmental management. --- Accounting. --- Bookkeeping . --- Accounting/Auditing. --- Environmental Management. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Double entry bookkeeping --- Business --- Business education --- Accounting --- Business enterprises --- Commerce --- Commercial accounting --- Finance --- Financial accounting --- Bookkeeping

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This book is an invitation to study managerial uses of accounting infonnation. Three themes run throughout. First, the accounting system is profitably thought of as a library of financial statistics. Answers to a variety of questions are unlikely to be found in prefabricated fonnat, but valuable infonnation awaits those equipped to in the accounting library is most interrogate the library. Second, the infonnation unlikely to be the only infonnation at the manger's disposal. So knowing how to combine accounting and nonaccounting bits of infonnation is an important, indeed indispensable, managerial skill. Finally, the role of a professional manager is emphasized. This is an individual with skill, talent, and imagination, an individual who brings professional quality skills to the ta sk of managing. This book also makes demands on the reader. It assumes the reader has had prior exposure to financial accounting, economics, statistics, and the economics of uncertainty (in the fonn of risk aversion and decision trees). A modest acquaintance with strategic, or equilibrium, modeling is also presumed, as is patience with abstract notation. The hook does not make deep mathematical demands on the reader. An acquaintance with linearprogramming and the ability to take a simple derivative are presumed. The major prerequisite is a tolerance for (if not a predisposition toward) abstract notation. This st yle and list of prerequisites are not matters of taste or author imposition.

Cost accounting --- Managerial accounting. --- 657.012.4 --- Managerial accounting --- Management accounting --- Accounting --- Accountancy--?.012.4 --- 657.012.4 Accountancy--?.012.4 --- Accounting. --- Bookkeeping . --- Finance. --- Microeconomics. --- Accounting/Auditing. --- Finance, general. --- Price theory --- Economics --- Funding --- Funds --- Currency question --- Double entry bookkeeping --- Business --- Business education --- Accountancy --- Business enterprises --- Commerce --- Commercial accounting --- Finance --- Financial accounting --- Bookkeeping

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Cities of Commerce develops a model of institutional change in European commerce based on urban rivalry. Cities continuously competed with each other by adapting commercial, legal, and financial institutions to the evolving needs of merchants. Oscar Gelderblom traces the successive rise of Bruges, Antwerp, and Amsterdam to commercial primacy between 1250 and 1650, showing how dominant cities feared being displaced by challengers while lesser cities sought to keep up by cultivating policies favorable to trade. He argues that it was this competitive urban network that promoted open-access institutions in the Low Countries, and emphasizes the central role played by the urban power holders — the magistrates — in fostering these inclusive institutional arrangements. Gelderblom describes how the city fathers resisted the predatory or reckless actions of their territorial rulers, and how their nonrestrictive approach to commercial life succeeded in attracting merchants from all over Europe.Cities of Commerce intervenes in an important debate on the growth of trade in Europe before the Industrial Revolution. Challenging influential theories that attribute this commercial expansion to the political strength of merchants, this book demonstrates how urban rivalry fostered the creation of open-access institutions in international trade.

History of the Low Countries --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1200-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Benelux countries --- Commerce --- History --- Benelux --- Pays-Bas --- Histoire --- 338 <09> <492> --- 338 <09> <493> --- 338 <09> <493> Economische geschiedenis--België --- Economische geschiedenis--België --- 338 <09> <492> Economische geschiedenis--Nederland --- Economische geschiedenis--Nederland --- Low countries --- Benelux countries -- Commerce -- History -- 16th century. --- Benelux countries -- Commerce -- History -- 17th century. --- Benelux countries -- Commerce -- History -- To 1500. --- Business & Economics --- Local Commerce --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economic History. --- Benelux countries - Commerce - History - To 1500 --- Benelux countries - Commerce - History - 16th century --- Benelux countries - Commerce - History - 17th century --- Amsterdam. --- Antwerp. --- Bruges. --- Dutch Republic. --- Dutch Revolt. --- Europe. --- European commerce. --- Flemish Revolt. --- German Hanse. --- Habsburgs. --- Hans Thijs. --- Low Countries. --- amicable settlement. --- arbitration. --- boycotts. --- brokers. --- central courts. --- collective action. --- commenda. --- commerce. --- commercial cities. --- commercial infrastructure. --- commercial litigation. --- commission trade. --- compensation. --- conflict resolution. --- court proceedings. --- cross-border trade. --- double-entry bookkeeping. --- footloose merchants. --- foreign traders. --- hostellers. --- inclusive institutions. --- institutional change. --- international trade. --- losses. --- merchants. --- open access institutions. --- private order solutions. --- spot markets. --- spreading of risks. --- state formation. --- trade ports. --- urban autonomy. --- urban competition. --- urban magistrates. --- violence.