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Luck egalitarianism is a family of egalitarian theories of distributive justice that aim to counteract the distributive effects of luck. This article explains luck egalitarianism's main ideas, and the debates that have accompanied its rise to prominence. There are two main parts to the discussion. The first part sets out three key moves in the influential early statements of Dworkin, Arneson, and Cohen: the brute luck/option luck distinction, the specification of brute luck in everyday or theoretical terms and the specification of advantage as resources, welfare, or some combination of these. The second part covers three later developments: the democratic egalitarian critique of luck egalitarianism, the luck egalitarian acceptance of pluralism, and luck egalitarian doubts about the significance of the brute luck/option luck distinction.

Philosophy --- Equality. --- Distributive justice. --- Political science --- Philosophy. --- Equality --- Distributive justice --- Social contract

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Economic analysis of law --- Microeconomics --- Economic law --- Well-being --- Distributive justice --- Welfare economics --- Public welfare

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Since Aristotle, many different theories of distributive justice have been proposed, by philosophers as well as social scientists. The typical approach within social choice theory is to assess these theories in an axiomatic way - most of the time the reader is confronted with abstract reasoning and logical deductions. This book shows that empirical insights are necessary if one wants to apply any theory of justice in the real world. It does so by confronting the main theories of distributive justice with data from (mostly) questionnaire experiments. The book starts with an extensive discussion on why empirical social choice makes sense and how it should be done. It then presents various experimental results relating to theories of distributive justice, including the Rawlsian equity axiom, Harsanyi's version of utilitarianism, utilitarianism with a floor, responsibility-sensitive egalitarianism, the claims problem and fairness in health.

Microeconomics --- Social choice --- Distributive justice --- Social choice. --- Distributive justice. --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Justice --- Social justice --- Wealth --- Choice, Social --- Collective choice --- Public choice --- Choice (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Welfare economics --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics

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"Who ought to do what, and for whom, if global justice is to progress? In this collection of essays on justice beyond borders, Onora O'Neill criticises theoretical approaches that concentrate on rights, yet ignore both the obligations that must be met to realise those rights, and the capacities needed by those who shoulder these obligations. She notes that states are profoundly anti-cosmopolitan institutions, and that even those committed to justice and universal rights often lack the competence and the will to secure them, let alone to secure them beyond their borders. She argues for a wider conception of global justice, in which obligations may be held either by states or by competent non-state actors, and in which borders themselves must meet standards of justice. This rich and wide-ranging collection will appeal to a wide range of academic researchers and advanced students of political philosophy, political theory, international relations and philosophy of law"--

International relations --- Justice (Philosophy) --- Distributive justice --- Transitional justice --- Human Rights --- Globalization --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Political aspects --- General ethics --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Human rights. --- Transitional justice. --- Distributive justice. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Political aspects.

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In the first part of this book bargaining experiments with different economic and ethical frames are investigated. The distributive principles and norms the subjects apply and their justifications for these principles are evaluated. The bargaining processes and the resulting agreements are analyzed. In the second part different bargaining theories are presented and the corresponding solutions are axiomatically characterized. A bargaining concept with goals that depend on economic and ethical features of the bargaining situation is introduced. Observations from the experimental data lead to the ideas for the axiomatic characterization of a bargaining solution with goals.

Microeconomics --- Operational research. Game theory --- Negotiation in business --- Distributive justice --- Welfare economics --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Management Styles & Communication