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An examination of the uses of data within a changing knowledge infrastructure, offering analysis and case studies from the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. "'Big Data' is on the covers of Science, Nature, the Economist, and Wired magazines, on the front pages of the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times. But despite the media hyperbole, as Christine Borgman points out in this examination of data and scholarly research, having the right data is usually better than having more data; little data can be just as valuable as big data. In many cases, there are no data -- because relevant data don't exist, cannot be found, or are not available. Moreover, data sharing is difficult, incentives to do so are minimal, and data practices vary widely across disciplines. Borgman, an often-cited authority on scholarly communication, argues that data have no value or meaning in isolation; they exist within a knowledge infrastructure -- an ecology of people, practices, technologies, institutions, material objects, and relationships. After laying out the premises of her investigation -- six "provocations" meant to inspire discussion about the uses of data in scholarship -- Borgman offers case studies of data practices in the sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities, and then considers the implications of her findings for scholarly practice and research policy. To manage and exploit data over the long term, Borgman argues, requires massive investment in knowledge infrastructures; at stake is the future of scholarship."

Information retrieval --- Information systems --- Communication in learning and scholarship --- Research --- Information technology. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Communication savante --- Recherche --- Technologie de l'information --- Systèmes d'information --- Technological innovations. --- Methodology. --- Data processing. --- Innovations --- Méthodologie --- Informatique --- Cyberinfrastructure. --- Information technology --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Technological innovations --- Methodology --- Data processing --- Systèmes d'information --- Méthodologie --- Cyber-based information systems --- Cyber-infrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Computer networks --- Computer systems --- Distributed databases --- High performance computing --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Electronic data processing in research --- Communication in scholarship --- Scholarly communication --- Learning and scholarship --- Distributed processing --- Store datamengder --- Informasjonsteknologi --- Datautvinning --- Forskningsmetoder --- Cyberspace --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Technology & Policy --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Internet Studies --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/General --- Data centers --- Communication in learning and scholarship - Technological innovations --- Research - Methodology --- Research - Data processing