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Utilitarianism and co-operation
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ISBN: 0198246099 0198246366 0191680923 Year: 1980 Publisher: Oxford Clarendon


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The dilemma of the commoners
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ISBN: 9781107022164 9781139135450 9781316318553 1316318559 1139135457 1316321916 1316308537 1316328597 1316325253 1316331938 1107022169 1316645827 1316287742 9781316331934 Year: 2015 Publisher: New York, NY

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Abstract

One of the classic problems in social science is known as 'the dilemma of the commons', in which land, water, and other resources held jointly by social or economic segments tend to be depleted sooner and to a greater extent than privately held assets. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, many aspects of western European society changed fundamentally, including the abolition of common-property rights, which in itself was related to social and economic shifts in that same society. This book intends to put the debate on commons, commoners, and the disappearance of both throughout early modern and modern northwestern Europe in a new light, through new approaches and innovative methodologies. Tine De Moor aims to link the historical debate about the long-term evolution of commons to the present-day debates on common-pool resources, as well as touching upon various disciplines within the social sciences that work on commons issues.


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The evolved apprentice : how evolution made humans unique
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ISBN: 0262016796 0262526662 0262302810 9780262302814 9780262016797 9780262526661 0262300494 Year: 2014 Volume: 2012 Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press,

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Over the last three million years or so, our lineage has diverged sharply from those of our great ape relatives. Change has been rapid ( in evolutionary terms) and pervasive. Morphology, life history, social life, sexual behavior, and foraging patterns have all shifted sharply away from those of the other great apes. No other great ape lineage--including those of chimpanzees and gorillas--seems to have undergone such a profound transformation. In The Evolved Apprentice, Kim Sterelny argues that the divergence stems from the fact that humans gradually came to enrich the learning environment of the next generation. Humans came to cooperate in sharing information, and to cooperate ecologically and reproductively, as well, and these changes initiated positive feedback loops that drove us further from other great apes. Sterelny develops a new theory of the evolution of human cognition and human social life that emphasizes the gradual evolution of information-sharing practices across generations and how these practices transformed human minds and social lives. Sterelny proposes that humans developed a new form of ecological interaction with their environment, cooperative foraging. The ability to cope with the immense variety of human ancestral environments and social forms, he argues, depended not just on adapted minds but also on adapted developmental environments


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Pfade in Utopia : über Gemeinschaft und deren Verwirklichung
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3795301874 Year: 1985 Publisher: Heidelberg : L. Schneider,


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Development cooperation and emerging powers : new partners or old patterns ?
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9781780320649 9781780320632 Year: 2012 Publisher: London : Zed Books,


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A cooperative species
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780691158167 9780691151250 0691158169 0691151253 1283088851 1400838835 9786613088857 9781283088855 9781400838837 Year: 2011 Publisher: Princeton, N.J. Oxford Princeton University Press

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Why do humans, uniquely among animals, cooperate in large numbers to advance projects for the common good? Contrary to the conventional wisdom in biology and economics, this generous and civic-minded behavior is widespread and cannot be explained simply by far-sighted self-interest or a desire to help close genealogical kin. In A Cooperative Species, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis--pioneers in the new experimental and evolutionary science of human behavior--show that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers. The authors describe how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival. Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment. Using experimental, archaeological, genetic, and ethnographic data to calibrate models of the coevolution of genes and culture as well as prehistoric warfare and other forms of group competition, A Cooperative Species provides a compelling and novel account of how humans came to be moral and cooperative.


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Nexus of Global Jihad: Understanding Cooperation Among Terrorist Actors
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ISBN: 9780231165372 9780231538152 0231538154 0231165374 Year: 2017 Publisher: Columbia University Press

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Leading jihadist groups such as al-Qaeda and the Islamic State dominate through cooperation in the form of knowledge sharing, resource sharing, joint training exercises, and operational collaboration. They build alliances and lesser partnerships with other formal and informal terrorist actors to recruit foreign fighters and spread their message worldwide, raising the aggregate threat level for their declared enemies. Whether they consist of friends or foes, whether they are connected locally or online, these networks create a wellspring of support for jihadist organizations that may fluctuate in strength or change in character but never runs dry. Nexus of Global Jihad identifies types of terrorist actors, the nature of their partnerships, and the environments in which they prosper to explain global jihadist terrorism's ongoing success and resilience.Nexus of Global Jihad brings to light an emerging style of "networked cooperation" that works alongside interorganizational terrorist cooperation to establish bonds of varying depth and endurance. Case studies use recently declassified materials to illuminate al-Qaeda's dealings from Iran to the Arabian Peninsula and the informal actors that power the Sharia4 movement. The book proposes policies that increase intelligence gathering on informal terrorist actors, constrain enabling environments, and disrupt terrorist networks according to different types of cooperation. It is a vital text for strategists and scholars struggling to understand a growing spectrum of terrorist groups working together more effectively than ever before.


Book
Problemen van internationale communicatie met bijzondere aandacht voor de positie van de ontwikkelingslanden
Author:
ISBN: 9012023688 Year: 1979 Publisher: 's Gravenhage Staatsuitgeverij

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