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History as a science --- Middle Ages --- Europe, Western --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- History --- Sources. --- Historiography. --- anno 500-1499 --- Medievalists --- Historiography

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This study addresses the relation of people to divine beings in contemporary and historical communities, as exemplified in three strands. One is a long tradition of visions of mysterious wayfarers in rural Spain who bring otherworldly news and help, including recent examples. Another treats the seeming vivification of religious images—statues, paintings, engravings, and photographs apparently exuding blood, sweat and tears in Spanish homes and churches  in the early modern period and the revival of the phenomenon throughout Europe in the twentieth century.  Of special interest is the third strand of the book: the transposition of medieval and early modern representations of the relations between humans and the divine into the modern art of photography. Christian presents a pictorial examination of the phenomenon with a large number of religious images, commercial postcards and family photographs from the first half of past century Europe.

Spirituality --- Spain --- Church history --- Christian church history --- Christian spirituality --- Western Europe --- Spiritualité --- Europe, Western --- Espagne --- Europe de l'Ouest --- Church history. --- Histoire religieuse --- Spiritual-mindedness --- Philosophy --- Religion --- Spiritual life --- West Europe --- Art and religion, Church history, Photography, Religion, Spirituality, Symbols.

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Het hedendaagse debat over de multiculturele samenleving richt zich vooral op de moslims onder de migranten, nieuwkomers die met hun afwijkende religie en cultuur de seculiere westerse samenleving zouden bedreigen. De centrale vraag in de studie van Leo Lucassen is of het integratieproces van deze nieuwe migrantengroepen op een andere manier zal verlopen dan dat van groepen die in het verleden naar West-Europa kwamen. Hij maakt daarbij een vergelijking tussen een aantal grote en 'problematische' groepen in het verleden (Ieren in Engeland, Polen in Duitsland en Italianen in Frankrijk) en enkele vergelijkbare groepen die in de meer recente geschiedenis naar West-Europa migreerden (Caribische migranten in Engeland, Turken in Duitsland en Algerijnen in Frankrijk). Lucassen schetst een aantal opvallende overeenkomsten in de manier waarop migranten en hun nakomelingen in de samenleving integreerden. Hoewel de omstandigheden in de tweede helft van de vorige eeuw sterk veranderden - met name op het terrein van de sociale voorzieningen en de transport- en communicatiemiddelen - verwacht Lucassen niet dat het integratieproces van recente migranten daardoor fundamenteel zal verschillen van dat van eerdere migrantengroepen.

Immigrants --- History --- Histoire --- Europe, Western --- Europe de l'Ouest --- Ethnic relations --- Emigration and immigration --- Relations interethniques --- Emigration et immigration --- 325.14 <4> --- Immigratie--Europa --- 325.14 <4> Immigratie--Europa --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- Sociology of minorities --- World history --- anno 1800-1999 --- anno 2000-2009

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Linguistics --- Literature --- anno 500-1499 --- Written communication --- Language and languages --- Communication écrite --- Langage et langues --- History --- Histoire --- Europe, Western --- Languages --- Variation --- Variation linguistique --- Standard language --- Europe --- Langues --- 940.1 --- 804.0 <09> --- 803.0 <09> --- -Written communication --- -Academic collection --- 410.94 --- Written discourse --- Written language --- Communication --- Discourse analysis --- Visual communication --- Language standardization --- Literary language --- Norm (Linguistics) --- Normative grammar --- Prescriptive grammar --- Language planning --- Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492) --- Frans. Franse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van ... --- Duits. Duitse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van ... --- Language Linguistics Europe --- -West Europe --- Western Europe --- -Variation --- -Languages --- 803.0 <09> Duits. Duitse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van ... --- 804.0 <09> Frans. Franse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van ... --- 940.1 Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492) --- Historical linguistics. --- Communication écrite --- Academic collection --- Duits. Duitse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van .. --- Frans. Franse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van .. --- West Europe --- linguistics --- History. --- Written communication - Europe, Western - History - Congresses --- Europe, Western - Languages - Variation - Congresses --- Duits. Duitse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van --- Frans. Franse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van

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The exodus of refugees from Nazi Germany in the 1930s has received far more attention from historians, social scientists, and demographers than many other migrations and persecutions in Europe. However, as a result of the overwhelming attention that has been given to the Holocaust within the historiography of Europe and the Second World War, the issues surrounding the flight of people from Nazi Germany prior to 1939 have been seen as Vorgeschichte (pre-history), implicating the Western European democracies and the United States as bystanders only in the impending tragedy. Based on a comparativ

Migration. Refugees --- History of Europe --- anno 1930-1939 --- Jewish refugees --- Refugees --- Réfugiés juifs --- Réfugiés --- History --- Government policy --- Histoire --- Politique gouvernementale --- Germany --- Europe, Western --- Allemagne --- Europe de l'Ouest --- Emigration and immigration --- Emigration et immigration --- Réfugiés juifs --- Réfugiés --- Displaced persons --- Persons --- Refugees, Jewish --- Jews --- Migrations --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- Victimes du national-socialisme --- 1900-1945 --- Politique publique --- États-Unis --- Émigration et immigration --- 1933-1945