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Recently, the role of courts has changed dramatically. Not only do courts now have to decide cases between parties, they also often have to choose between competing fundamental values. Judges may have to balance the potentially conflicting interests of human life and human dignity; freedom of speech and the right of privacy; or free trade and the protection of the environment. The courts may have to circumscribe freedom of religion, and decide when religious dress may be worn. With the non-specialist in mind, and starting from the basic notion of the rule of law, this book explores how judges can and should address such issues. Both the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Union often play a decisive role, and the book points out both the advantages and the difficulties posed by this. Above all, it seeks to promote a more informed debate.
Human rights --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- European Union --- Rule of law --- -Rule of law --- -341.2422 --- Uc2 --- Supremacy of law --- Administrative law --- Constitutional law --- 341.2422 --- Law --- General and Others --- Rule of law - Europe --- Rule of law - European Union countries
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For centuries following the spread of Islam, the Middle East was far ahead of Europe. Yet, the modern economy was born in Europe. Why was it not born in the Middle East? In this book Jared Rubin examines the role that Islam played in this reversal of fortunes. It argues that the religion itself is not to blame; the importance of religious legitimacy in Middle Eastern politics was the primary culprit. Muslim religious authorities were given an important seat at the political bargaining table, which they used to block important advancements such as the printing press and lending at interest. In Europe, however, the Church played a weaker role in legitimizing rule, especially where Protestantism spread (indeed, the Reformation was successful due to the spread of printing, which was blocked in the Middle East). It was precisely in those Protestant nations, especially England and the Dutch Republic, where the modern economy was born.
Economics --- Rule of law --- Supremacy of law --- Administrative law --- Constitutional law --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Religious aspects. --- Europe, Western --- Middle East --- Economic conditions. --- Economics - Europe, Western - Religious aspects --- Economics - Middle East - Religious aspects --- Rule of law - Europe, Western --- Rule of law - Middle East --- Europe, Western - Economic conditions --- Middle East - Economic conditions --- Islam --- Economic order
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