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The Balance of Payments Textbook, like the Balance of Payments Compilation Guide, is a companion document to the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual. The Textbook provides illustrative examples and applications of concepts, definitions, classifications, and conventions contained in the Manual and affords compilers with opportunities for enhancing their understanding of the relevant parts of the Manual. The Textbook is one of the main reference materials for training courses in balance of payments methodology.
International finance --- Balance of payments --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- AA / International- internationaal --- 382.23 --- 382.22 --- Structuur van de betalingsbalans. --- Theorie van de betalingsbalans. --- Balance of payments. --- -382.17 --- Current account balance (International trade) --- International payments, Balance of --- Foreign exchange --- Terms of trade --- Balance of trade --- International liquidity --- Electronic information resources --- Theorie van de betalingsbalans --- Structuur van de betalingsbalans --- E-books --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Insurance --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Monetary Policy --- Trade: General --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- International economics --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Foreign direct investment --- Reserve assets --- Income --- Credit --- Financial account --- Central banks --- National accounts --- Money --- Investments, Foreign --- Foreign exchange reserves --- United States
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The developing economies of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) have been the recipients of a considerable volume of capital inflows in the 1990s. Given the increased integration of capital markets, it is not surprising that monetary control became more difficult for many developing APEC economies. Formulating an appropriate policy response has naturally been important. The three papers that make up this Occasional Paper each examine different aspects of these issues.
International finance --- Asia --- Capital movements --- mouvements internationaux des capitaux --- fmi --- apec --- azie --- -Capital movements --- -330.05 --- 332.042 --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- internationaal kapitaalverkeer --- imf --- asie --- 330.05 --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Investments: Bonds --- Investments: Stocks --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Foreign Exchange --- International economics --- Investment & securities --- Banking --- Finance --- Currency --- Capital inflows --- Stock markets --- Commercial banks --- Bonds --- Financial markets --- Financial institutions --- Banks and banking --- Stock exchanges --- Stocks --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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By and large, EU financial integration has been a success story. Still, the reform agenda is far from finished. What are the remaining challenges going forward? What are the gains of closer financial market integration? This IMF book tracks the European Union's journey along the path to a single financial market and identifies the challenges and priorities that remain ahead. It pays particular attention to the most recent integration efforts in the European Union following the introduction of the euro. The study looks at the importance of financial integration, in particular for economic growth, the interplay between banks and markets, and equity market integration. It closely examines the relationship between financial integration and financial stability. This interaction presents the EU with a challenge, but also with the opportunity to play a pioneering role in developing a regional approach to financial stability that could provide lessons for the rest of the world.
Private finance --- Europe --- Finance --- Capital market --- Financial institutions --- Finances --- Marché financier --- Institutions financières --- European Union --- Economic integration. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- 339.7 --- eenheidsmarkt --- europa --- financiele markten --- 333.102 --- 333.602 --- 333.610 --- 334.151.28 --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- -Finance --- -332.094 --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- marché unique --- europe --- marchés financiers --- Bankconcentratie. --- Activiteiten en evolutie van de financiële markten. --- Effectenbeurzen: algemeenheden. --- Kredietinstellingen in de Europese Gemeenschappen. --- 339.7 Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- Marché financier --- Institutions financières --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- E.U. --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- 332.094 --- Bankconcentratie --- Activiteiten en evolutie van de financiële markten --- Effectenbeurzen: algemeenheden --- Kredietinstellingen in de Europese Gemeenschappen --- European Union countries --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Investments: Stocks --- Industries: Financial Services --- Accounting --- Investments: General --- Insurance --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Bankruptcy --- Liquidation --- Banking --- Investment & securities --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Insurance & actuarial studies --- Macroeconomics --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Stock markets --- Financial sector stability --- Financial integration --- Financial services --- Financial markets --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Competition --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry --- Stock exchanges --- International finance --- United States
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This paper describes the structure of the world gold market, its sources of supply and demand, and how it functions. The paper examines the composition and origin of physical stocks of gold, their flows, and their market destination and also reviews the operation of bullion and paper gold markets.
International finance --- 336.743 --- 671.11 --- Gold --- -339.722 --- <95/05 --- or --- international --- commerce --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- 382.242.0 --- 338.751.27 --- 333.452.1 --- 338.2741 --- 330.05 --- Specie --- Native element minerals --- Precious metals --- Transition metals --- Money --- Muntstandaard. Gouden standaard. Zilveren standaard. Bimetallisme --- Gold and silver articles. Engraved and embossed articles --- Purchasing --- goud --- internationaal --- handel --- Balans van het kapitaalverkeer: algemeenheden. --- Goud : metaal. --- Goudmarkt. --- Working papers --- Gold. --- Purchasing. --- 671.11 Gold and silver articles. Engraved and embossed articles --- 336.743 Muntstandaard. Gouden standaard. Zilveren standaard. Bimetallisme --- 339.722 --- Goudmarkt --- Goud : metaal --- Balans van het kapitaalverkeer: algemeenheden --- Banks and Banking --- Investments: Metals --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Investments: Futures --- Investments: Options --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Monetary Policy --- Trade: General --- Investment & securities --- Finance --- Banking --- International economics --- Macroeconomics --- Commodity markets --- Futures --- Gold reserves --- Options --- Commodities --- Financial markets --- Financial institutions --- Central banks --- Commodity exchanges --- Derivative securities --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Balance of payments --- United Kingdom
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This chapter provides an overview of market practices, market structure, and official supervision and regulation in financial markets. This paper also highlights the key features of modern banking and over the counter (OTC) derivatives markets that seem to be relevant for assessing their functioning, their implications for systemic financial risks in the international financial system, and areas where improvements in ensuring financial stability can be obtained. The paper also describes how OTC derivatives activities have transformed modern financial intermediation and discusses how internationally active financial institutions have become exposed to additional sources of instability because of their large and dynamic exposures to the counterparty (credit) risks embodied in their OTC derivatives activities. In order to rebalance private and official roles, it is essential first to clarify the limits to market discipline in OTC derivatives markets, before leaning more heavily on aspects of market discipline that seem to work well in these markets.
Over-the-counter markets --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- 332.632 --- OTC markets --- Over-the-counter securities --- Unlisted securities markets --- Over-the-counter markets. --- Derivative securities --- International finance --- Risk --- 330.05 --- banques --- marche international financier --- banken --- financiën --- 333.109 --- 333.605 --- 339.7 --- Economics --- Uncertainty --- Probabilities --- Profit --- Risk-return relationships --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Securities --- Derivative financial instruments --- Derivative financial products --- Derivative instruments --- Derivatives (Finance) --- Financial derivatives --- Structured notes (Securities) --- 339.7 Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- internationale financiele markt --- Veiligheid. Bankovervallen. Bankrisico's --- Nieuwe financiële instrumenten --- Working papers --- Derivative securities. --- International finance. --- Risk. --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Investments: General --- Investments: Options --- Money and Monetary Policy --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Monetary economics --- Financial services law & regulation --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Derivative markets --- Credit --- Options --- Credit risk --- Financial markets --- Money --- Financial institutions --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Financial instruments --- Financial risk management --- Revenue --- United States
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Hedge funds are collective investment vehicles, often organized as private partnerships and resident offshore for tax and regulatory purposes. Their legal status places few restrictions on their portfolios and transactions, leaving their managers free to use short sales, derivative securities, and leverage to raise returns and cushion risk. This paper considers the role of hedge funds in financial market dynamics, with particular reference to the Asian crisis.
Hedge funds --- 330.05 --- 332.645 --- banken --- beleggingen --- financiën --- 333.109 --- 333.138.1 --- 333.451.0 --- 333.481 --- 333.602 --- 333.605 --- 334.151.27 --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- MX / Mexico - Mexique --- 336.714 --- 339.7 --- 336.714 Beleggingsmaatschappijen. Collectieve beleggingsfondsen. Investeringsmaatschappijen. Investment trusts. Holdingmaatschappijen --- Beleggingsmaatschappijen. Collectieve beleggingsfondsen. Investeringsmaatschappijen. Investment trusts. Holdingmaatschappijen --- Funds, Hedge --- Mutual funds --- 339.7 Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- Veiligheid. Bankovervallen. Bankrisico's --- Passieve instellingen. Beleggingsfondsen. Investment trusts. money market funds --- Wisselmarkt: algemeenheden --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering --- Activiteiten en evolutie van de financiële markten --- Nieuwe financiële instrumenten --- Europees monetair stelsel --- Working papers --- International finance --- Hedge funds. --- Banks and Banking --- Investments: General --- Investments: Stocks --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Financial Markets --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Securities --- Stocks --- Arbitrage --- Financial institutions --- Commodities --- Financial services industry --- Financial instruments --- Banks and banking --- United States
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This report focuses on the ways in which stock data enter into the analysis of the flow of external resources between creditor and debtor countries. It describes key terms and the various debt classification systems; outlines methodologies for reconciling differences in debt stocks and debt flows; compares and contrasts the debt and debt-related data systems of the IMF, the OECD, and the World Bank; provides two case studies on data analysis problems and examples of debt restructuring; and outlines the conclusions of the International Working Group on External Debt Statistics.
Balance of payments --- Debts, External --- 336.3435 --- balance des paiements --- banque mondiale --- bri --- dettes internationales --- developpement economique --- fmi --- pays en voie de developpement --- 307.334 --- 307.353 --- 308 --- 339.115 --- AA / International- internationaal --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 339.72.053 --- 339.72.053 Internationaal betalingsverkeer. Valutahandel. Wisselmarkten. Deviezenhandel. Internationale kapitaalmarkt. Flow and funds analysis. Betalingsbalans. Internationale geldmarkt.--?.053 --- Internationaal betalingsverkeer. Valutahandel. Wisselmarkten. Deviezenhandel. Internationale kapitaalmarkt. Flow and funds analysis. Betalingsbalans. Internationale geldmarkt.--?.053 --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Debt --- International finance --- Investments, Foreign --- Current account balance (International trade) --- International payments, Balance of --- Foreign exchange --- Terms of trade --- Balance of trade --- International liquidity --- Statistical methods --- betalingsbalans --- wereldbank --- bib --- internationale schulden --- economische ontwikkeling --- imf --- ontwikkelingslanden --- Statistieken van het kapitaalverkeer --- Statistieken van het overheidskrediet en de overheidschuld --- Organisatie en beheer van bureaus en instellingen voor statistiek. Instellingen voor conjunctuuronderzoek. Centra voor statistische voorlichting --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Statistical methods. --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Investments: Stocks --- Statistics --- Industries: Financial Services --- Financial Risk Management --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- International economics --- Investment & securities --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Banking --- Finance --- Arrears --- External debt --- Stocks --- Balance of payments statistics --- Financial institutions --- Economic and financial statistics --- Loans --- Banks and banking --- Chile
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This paper examines central bank independence with reference to the constraints on central bank credit to the government, focusing on how such credit should be regulated. It discusses why credit should be contsrained, and in which forms, and how to implement those constraints.
International finance --- Bank loans --- Banks and banking, Central --- Credit --- 336.71 --- 336.711 --- 336.27 --- $?$95/03 --- banque centrale --- credits --- gestion de la dette --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- 333.111.0 --- 333.111.6 --- 333.111.1 --- 333.111.36 --- 336.302 --- 332.11 --- 330.05 --- Bank credit --- Loans --- Borrowing --- Finance --- Money --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Bankwezen --- centrale bank --- kredieten --- schuldbeheer --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken. --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de overheid. Voorschotten aan de overheid. Monetaire financiering van de schatkist. --- Organieke wetten en statuten van centrale banken. --- Rijkskassier en kassier van andere openbare instellingen. --- Weerslag van de rijksschuld. --- Working papers --- Banks and banking, Central. --- Credit. --- Bank loans. --- 336.71 Bankwezen --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- Organieke wetten en statuten van centrale banken --- Rijkskassier en kassier van andere openbare instellingen --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de overheid. Voorschotten aan de overheid. Monetaire financiering van de schatkist --- Weerslag van de rijksschuld --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Investments: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Investments: Stocks --- Macroeconomics --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Monetary Policy --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Investment & securities --- International economics --- Central bank credit --- Bank deposits --- Securities --- Financial institutions --- Financial services --- Current account --- Balance of payments --- Monetary base --- Central bank autonomy --- Monetary expansion --- Monetary policy --- Financial instruments --- Money supply --- Stocks --- Hungary
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A payment system encompasses a set of instruments and means generally acceptable in making payments; the institutional and organizational framework governing such payments, including prudential regulation; and the operating procedures and communications network used to initiate and transmit payment information from payer to payee and to settle payments. This book, by Omotunde E.G. Johnson, with Richard K. Abrams, Jean-Marc Destresse, Tony Lybek, Nicholas Roberts, and Mark Swinburne, identifies main policy and strategic issues in payment system reform, describes the structure of payment systems in selected countries, highlights areas of consensus, and suggests the direction for future policy analysis.
Banks and banking, Central --- Clearinghouses (Banking) --- Monetary policy --- Payment --- 332.10285 --- #ECO:01.08:economie monetair --- #ECO:02.02:financiële sector bank --- 333.110 --- 333.111.0 --- 333.111.7 --- 333.151 --- 333.80 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.71 --- 336.74 --- 336.71 Bankwezen --- Bankwezen --- 336.74 Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector. --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector. --- Commercial law --- Extinguishment of debts --- Performance (Law) --- Balance of trade --- Debtor and creditor --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- ACH (Banking) --- Automated clearinghouses (Banking) --- Bank clearinghouses --- Bank clearings --- CHAMPS (Banking) --- Check clearinghouses --- CHIPS (Banking) --- Clearing banks --- Clearing House Automated Payments System --- Clearing House Interbank Payments System --- Clearinghouse --- Banks and banking --- Clearinghouses --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Case studies --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de kredietinstellingen --- Verrekenkamers --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden --- Law and legislation --- Money. Monetary policy --- Private finance --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Investments: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Banking --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Financial services law & regulation --- Payment systems --- Credit --- Commercial banks --- Correspondent banking --- Financial markets --- Money --- Real time gross settlement systems --- Financial services --- Financial institutions --- Correspondent banks --- United States
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Edited by Victor Thuronyi, this book offers an introduction to a broad range of issues in comparative tax law and is based on comparative discussion of the tax laws of developed countries. It presents practical models and guidelines for drafting tax legislation that can be used by officials of developing and transition countries. Volume I covers general issues, some special topics, and major taxes other than income tax.
droit fiscal --- procedure fiscale --- politique fiscale --- impot sur le revenu --- deduction d'investissement --- international --- fiscaal recht --- belastingprocedure --- fiscaal beleid --- inkomstenbelasting --- investeringsaftrek --- internationaal --- Comparative law --- Tax administration and procedure --- Bill drafting --- Projets de loi --- Administration et procédure --- Rédaction --- Tax administration and procedure. --- Bill drafting. --- Law and legislation. --- Government policy. --- inflation --- 336.2 --- 336.748.8 IMF --- inflatie --- fiscaliteit - belastingen - retributies - belastinghervorming --- Internationaal Monetair Fonds - IMF --- Law, General & Comparative --- 351.713 --- -Bill drafting --- 340.14 --- 336.200 --- 340.5 --- -Tax administration and procedure --- -328.373 --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Revenue --- Drafting of bills --- Legislation drafting --- Legislative drafting --- Tax practice --- Tax procedure --- Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen --- Fiscaal recht. Belastingsrecht. Overheidsfinancien. Belastingswezen--z.o.{336.2} --- Andere rechtsvormen dan de wet: gewoonterecht. Rechtspraak. Rechtsleer. --- Belastingstelsel: algemene naslagwerken en principes. --- Vergelijkende rechtswetenschap --- 351.713 Fiscaal recht. Belastingsrecht. Overheidsfinancien. Belastingswezen--z.o.{336.2} --- 336.2 Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- 336.2 Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- Taxation. --- Fiscal policy. --- Administration et procédure --- Rédaction --- Tax laws --- Tax legislation --- Tax regulations --- Taxation --- Droit fiscal --- Impôt --- Law and legislation --- Authorship --- Law --- Finance, Public --- Language --- 328.373 --- AA / International- internationaal --- NBB multivolumes --- Belastingstelsel: algemene naslagwerken en principes --- Andere rechtsvormen dan de wet: gewoonterecht. Rechtspraak. Rechtsleer --- Tax law --- Fiscal policy --- E-books --- Economic policy --- Government policy --- Taxation - Government policy. --- Taxation - Law and legislation. --- Impôt sur le revenu --- Etudes comparatives --- Inflation --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Tax Law --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Public finance & taxation --- Taxation & duties law --- Property & real estate --- Labour --- income economics --- Income tax systems --- Income and capital gains taxes --- Value-added tax --- Tax administration core functions --- Revenue administration --- Income tax --- Spendings tax --- Real property tax --- United States --- Personal Finance -Taxation --- Industries: Financial Services --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Finance --- Personal income --- Double taxation --- Mutual funds --- National accounts --- Income --- Tax incentives
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