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History of France --- anno 1500-1799 --- France --- --1498-1789 --- --France --- Civilization --- History --- Civilisation --- Histoire --- France - Civilization --- FRANCE --- HISTOIRE --- 15E-18E SIECLES --- HISTOIRE RELIGIEUSE --- 14E-15E SIECLES

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A study not of the institution of the Church but of Christianity itself, this book explores the Christian people, their beliefs, and their way of life, providing a new understanding of Western Christianity at the time of the Reformation. Bossy begins with a systematic exposition of traditional or pre-Reformation Christianity, exploring the forces that tended to undermine it, the characteristics of the Protestant and Catholic regimes that superseded it, and the fall-out that resulted from its disintegration.

History of civilization --- Christian church history --- anno 1200-1799 --- Church history --- #SBIB:316.331H520 --- #SBIB:93H3 --- Geloofsopvattingen, houdingen en religieuze cultuur: algemeen --- Thematische geschiedenis --- Christianity --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Church history - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Church history - 16th century --- CHRISTIANISME ET CIVILISATION --- CHRISTIANISME --- 600-1500 (MOYEN AGE) --- ESSENCE, ESPRIT, NATURE --- Eglise catholique --- Histoire --- Occident --- 15e-18e siecles

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Se situant délibérément dans la longue durée, historiens des textes, spécialistes de l'iconographie, archéologues et anthropologues croisent leurs apports pour redonner vie à l'histoire de l'humanité qui, dénuée de parole, a été si longtemps privée d'histoire. Derrière les clichés qui s'effondrent, se révèle un univers enfantin qui nous paraît à la fois différent et étrangement familier.

Infants --- Mortality --- History of civilization --- anno 500-1499 --- Babies --- Infancy --- Children --- History --- Historische en vergelijkende pedagogiek. --- Enfants --- Congresses --- Histoire --- Congrès --- Europe --- Infants - Europe - History - Congresses --- Infants - Mortality - Europe - History - Congresses --- histoire --- enfance --- ENFANCE --- ENFANTS --- HISTOIRE --- MOYEN AGE --- 15E-18E SIECLES --- CONDITIONS SOCIALES

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The importance of training and education is on the increase. While the production of human capital is seen as a motor for a competitive economy, skills and expertise proof to be necessary for social mobility. Remarkably, in conceiving modern forms of apprenticeship, several mechanisms from the acien régime, seem to return. The difference between public and private initiative is disappearing, education and training is being confused, and in order to acquire generic skills as flexibility, communicability, self-rule, creativity and so on, youngsters have to learn in context. Even for maths, scholars now talk of situated learning. Before the advent of a formal schooling system, training took place on the shop floor, under the roof of a master. The apprentice not only worked but also lived in his masters house and was thus trained and educated at the same time. In cities, this system was formally complemented by an official apprenticeship system, prescribing a minimum term to serve and an obligatory masterpiece for those who wanted to become masters themselves. Traditionally, historians see this as an archaic and backward way of training, yet this book?s aim is to show that is was instead a very flexible and dynamic system, perfectly in tune with the demands of an early modern economy. In order to understand it fully, however, we should differentiate the informal training system organised via a free market of indentures on the one hand and the institutionalised system of craft guilds on the other. In Antwerp, early modern guilds had a project of emancipating their members. They didn't simply produce certain skills, but through a system of quality marks defended the honour of craftsmen. This is the difference with current practices. By representing hands-on skills as superior, guilds supplied a sort of symbolic capital for workers.

History of Antwerp --- anno 1500-1799 --- Guilds --- Apprenticeship programs --- History. --- Compagnonnage --- --Métiers --- --Anvers --- --Histoire des techniques --- --XVe-XVIIIe s., --- History --- 338 <09> --- Economische geschiedenis --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Corporations --- Apprentissage professionnel --- Histoire --- Craft guilds --- Gilds --- Labor organizations --- Merchant companies --- Workers' associations --- Artisans --- Employers' associations --- Labor unions --- Apprentices --- Apprenticeship --- Programs, Apprenticeship --- Employees --- Societies, etc. --- Training of --- Belgium --- Antwerp (Belgium) --- guilds --- apprenticeship --- Métiers --- Histoire des techniques --- XVe-XVIIIe s., 1401-1800 --- Guilds - Belgium - Antwerp - History --- Apprenticeship programs - Belgium - Antwerp - History --- Anvers --- Apprentis --- Apprentissage --- Anvers (Belgique) --- 15e-18e siècles

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Agriculture --- Rural development --- Développement rural --- History --- Histoire --- Ile-de-France (France) --- Rural conditions --- Conditions rurales --- Tenant farmers --- Sociale mobiliteit. --- Île-de-France (France) --- Conditions rurales. --- Boeren. --- Développement rural --- Farm tenancy --- Economic aspects --- History. --- Histoire. --- Economic conditions. --- History of France --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1400-1499 --- Tenant farmers - France - Ile-de-France - History. --- Farm tenancy - France - Ile-de-France - History. --- Agriculture - Economic aspects - France - Ile-de-France - History. --- Agriculture - France - Ile-de-France - History. --- FRANCE --- CONDITIONS SOCIALES --- 15E-18E SIECLES --- CONDITIONS ECONOMIQUES --- 16E-18E SIECLES --- AGRICULTURE --- HISTOIRE --- POPULATION