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"The project of science has been to provide answers to questions about the world and how it works. Often, this lofty role has been characterised by a narrow and dogmatic scientific training, an unwillingness to communicate to differing stakeholder needs, a refusal to accept and to manage uncertainty, complexity and value commitments, and the reduction of knowledge assessment to colleague peer review on narrowly technical issues. Times have changed. As the world faces increasingly disparate challenges, science is subjected to increasingly vehement demands from a society calling for transparency, openness and public participation in science policy. Science is going through an evolutionary process. Perhaps the most painful process it has ever encountered.  Research on the interfaces between science and society is a burgeoning area. A new conception of knowledge now appears to be emerging, based on the awareness of complexity, uncertainty and a plurality of legitimate perspectives and interests. Democracy is extending into the previously quite exclusive scientific realm, and science must now submit to public scrutiny and participation in the governance of knowledge. This book provides much-needed reflections on the methods and tools for knowledge quality assurance, particularly on its inputs to extended policy and decision-making processes.  The overall aim is to improve the relationship between science and society. The discussion involves six themes: communicating between plural perspectives; accepting and learning how to manage uncertainty, complexity and value commitments; acknowledging new conceptions of knowledge; implementing transparency, openness and participation in science policy; valuing community-based research; and exploring how new ICT can support inclusive governance. Taken together, these themes provide both a framework and vision on how to conceive, discuss and evaluate the changes that are occurring. The chapters cover theory, practice, approaches, experiences, ideas and suggestions for a move beyond "talking the talk" to "walking the walk".  Science and policy interfaces are dynamic processes needing to permanently redefine themselves and their roles. This book contributes to the enrichment and deepening of our understanding of these important new trends in the social relations of science, which are fundamental to our understanding of the prospects for further progress.  The book will be essential reading for scientists, policy-makers, managers and the public."--Provided by publisher.

Sociology of knowledge --- Mass media and technology. --- New products -- History. --- Science -- Public opinion. --- Science. --- Technological innovations -- Government policy -- Citizen participation. --- Technology -- Social aspects. --- Science --- Social Control Policies --- Computer Systems --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Public Relations --- Policy --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Social Control, Formal --- Organization and Administration --- Computing Methodologies --- Sociology --- Social Sciences --- Health Services Administration --- Information Science --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Health Care --- Research --- Public Policy --- Community-Institutional Relations --- Computer Communication Networks --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Sciences - General --- Social aspects --- Social aspects. --- Science and society --- Sociology of science

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This historical account of the care of insanity outside formal instruction explores key issues relating to the social history of madness from 1750 to the present day. These include women and the social construciton of madness, the boarding out of lunatics by poor law authorities, familial care and treatment of the insane and the practice of mental healing by general practitioners.

History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- Psychiatry --- anno 1800-1999 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Mentally ill --- Community mental health services --- Psychiatric hospital care --- Mental health policy --- Malades mentaux --- Services communautaires de santé mentale --- Hôpitaux psychiatriques --- Santé mentale --- Care --- History --- Soins --- Histoire --- Politique gouvernementale --- Mental health policy -- Great Britain -- History. --- Mental health policy -- Ireland -- History. --- Psychiatric hospital care -- Great Britain -- History. --- Psychiatric hospital care -- Ireland -- History. --- Psychiatric hospitals -- Great Britain -- History. --- Psychiatric hospitals -- Ireland -- History. --- Hospitals, Special --- Behavioral Disciplines and Activities --- Public Policy --- Health Services --- Hospitals --- Social Control Policies --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Health Care --- Social Control, Formal --- Policy --- Health Facilities --- Sociology --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Hospitals, Psychiatric --- Health Policy --- Mental Health Services --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Psychiatry - General --- Services communautaires de santé mentale --- Hôpitaux psychiatriques --- Santé mentale

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Bridging the gap between histories of medicine and political/institutional histories of the early modern crown, this book explores the relationship between one of the most highly bureaucratic regimes in early modern Europe, Spain, and crown interest in and regulation of medical practices. Complementing recent histories that have emphasized the interdependent nature of governance between the crown and municipalities in sixteenth-century Spain, this study argues that medical policies were the result of negotiation and cooperation among the crown, the towns, and medical practitioners.

History of human medicine --- History of Spain --- anno 1500-1599 --- Public health --- Medical policy --- Medical personnel --- Public Health --- Health Personnel --- Health Policy --- History, 15th Century --- History --- Government policy --- history --- Philip --- Political and social views. --- Geschichte 1556-1598. --- Medical personnel -- Government policy -- Spain -- History -- 15th century. --- Medical policy -- Spain -- History -- 15th century. --- Philip II, King of Spain, 1527-1598 -- Political and social views. --- Public health -- Spain -- History -- 15th century. --- Public Policy --- Europe --- History, Early Modern 1451-1600 --- Environment and Public Health --- Health --- Medicine --- Humanities --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Occupational Groups --- Health Care --- Health Occupations --- Persons --- Social Control Policies --- Population Characteristics --- Geographic Locations --- Social Control, Formal --- Geographicals --- Named Groups --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Policy --- Social Sciences --- Sociology --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Spain --- Health & Biological Sciences --- World Health --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medical care --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Health care personnel --- Health care professionals --- Health manpower --- Health personnel --- Health professions --- Health sciences personnel --- Health services personnel --- Healthcare professionals --- Medical manpower --- Professional employees --- Filips --- Felipe --- Filipe --- Philippe --- Filippe --- Philips --- Fīlīb --- Philipp --- Filippo --- History, 15th Century. --- history. --- Spain.

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Business policy --- Service industry --- United States --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Health facilities, Proprietary. --- Medical corporations. --- Medical economics. --- Medical economics --- Health facilities, Proprietary --- Medical corporations --- Science --- Social Control Policies --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Occupational Groups --- Ethics --- Social Problems --- Social Sciences --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Medical Assistance --- Insurance, Health --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Residential Facilities --- Patient Care Management --- Education, Professional --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Sociology --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Legislation as Topic --- Mathematics --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Morals --- North America --- Social Behavior --- Population Characteristics --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Humanities --- Public Assistance --- Policy --- Quality of Health Care --- Social Control, Formal --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Americas --- Health Services Administration --- Persons --- Behavior --- Education --- Public Health --- Investigative Techniques --- Insurance --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Geographic Locations --- Environment and Public Health --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Philosophy --- Financing, Organized --- Named Groups --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Financing, Government --- Geographicals --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Medicare --- Health Facilities, Proprietary --- Health Personnel --- Delivery of Health Care --- Hospitals --- Nursing Homes --- Poverty --- Public Policy --- Social Responsibility --- Social Change --- Conflict of Interest --- Physicians --- Moral Obligations --- Biomedical Research --- Economics --- Education, Medical --- Statistics as Topic --- Research --- Ethics, Institutional --- Organizational Policy --- Social Dominance --- Industry --- Health Facilities --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Economics --- Corporate medical practice --- Corporate practice of medicine --- For profit health facilities --- Health facilities, Investor-owned --- Health facilities, Private for profit --- Investor-owned health facilities --- Private for profit health facilities --- Proprietary health facilities --- Economics, Medical --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Medical care --- Medicine --- Economic aspects --- Group medical practice --- Professional corporations --- United States of America

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claim was that he had faced a conflict of duties pitting his legal duty not to kill against his duty as a physician to relieve his patient’s unbearable suffering. He was acquitted on the important grounds of conflict of duty. These grounds are based on a concept in Dutch law called "force majeure" 4 which recognizes extenuating circumstances such as conflicts of duty. The acquittal was upheld by the Lower Court of Alkmaar, but revoked by an Amsterdam court of appeal. The case went on to the Supreme Court, but before the Supreme Court's decision was issued, the Royal Dutch Medical Association (RDMA) attempted to clarify the criteria for euthanasia that many within the profession already accepted. The RDMA proposed that physicians be permitted to perform euthanasia provided that a set of procedures had been met. Variously stated, the guidelines contain the following central provisions: Voluntary, competent, explicit, and persistent requests on the part of the • patient; Requests based on full information; • The patient is in a situation of intolerable and hopeless suffering (either • physical or mental); No further acceptable alternatives to euthanasia. All alternatives • acceptable to the patient for relief of suffering having been tried; Consultation with at least one other physician whose judgment can be • 5 expected to be independent. Indirectly, these guidelines became the criteria prosecutors used to decide whether or not to bring charges.

Medical law --- Professional ethics. Deontology --- Netherlands --- Euthanasia --- Right to die --- Euthanasie --- Droit à la mort --- -#GBIB:CBMER --- 179.7 <492> --- 343.61 <492> --- Assisted death (Euthanasia) --- Assisted dying (Euthanasia) --- Death, Assisted (Euthanasia) --- Death, Mercy --- Dying, Assisted (Euthanasia) --- Killing, Mercy --- Mercy death --- Mercy killing --- Homicide --- Medical ethics --- Assisted suicide --- Ethics. --- Euthanasia - Netherlands. --- Medical ethics. --- Medicine. --- Suicide --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Persons --- Philosophy --- Mandatory Programs --- Medicine --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Health Personnel --- Behavioral Symptoms --- Crime --- Weights and Measures --- Terminal Care --- Religion --- Hospitals, Special --- Social Control Policies --- Ethics, Clinical --- Mental Processes --- Patient Care --- Behavioral Sciences --- Morals --- Humanities --- Social Problems --- Social Control, Formal --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Emotional Intelligence --- Psychophysiology --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Health Facilities --- Policy Making --- Organizations --- Disclosure --- Social Sciences --- Withholding Treatment --- Criminology --- Community Health Services --- Social Control, Informal --- Patient Rights --- Education, Professional --- Science --- Professional Practice --- Health Care --- Sociology --- Health Services --- Organization and Administration --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Policy --- Ethics, Professional --- Education --- Investigative Techniques --- Named Groups --- Occupational Groups --- Therapeutics --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Behavior --- Health Occupations --- Communication --- Self-Injurious Behavior --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Human Rights --- Intelligence --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Psychology, Social --- Behavioral Disciplines and Activities --- Health Services Administration --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Personality --- Christianity --- Euthanasia, Active, Voluntary --- Intention --- Mental Competency --- Suicide, Assisted --- Wedge Argument --- Ethics --- Euthanasia, Active --- Euthanasia, Passive --- Mandatory Reporting --- Motivation --- Organizational Policy --- Public Policy --- Criminal Law --- Ethics, Medical --- Hospices --- Psychiatry --- Social Responsibility --- Advisory Committees --- Ethical Analysis --- Patients --- Physicians --- Stress, Psychological --- Informed Consent --- Palliative Care --- Education, Continuing --- Hospitals --- Empirical Research --- Legislation as Topic --- Internationality --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Societies --- Judicial Role --- Referral and Consultation --- Double Effect Principle --- International Cooperation --- Jurisprudence --- Research --- Public Opinion --- Reference Standards --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology - General --- Medical Ethics & Philosophy --- Droit à la mort --- EPUB-LIV-FT SPRINGER-B --- Political science. --- Public health. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Theory of Medicine/Bioethics. --- Public Health. --- Political Science. --- #GBIB:CBMER --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Values --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Euthanasia - Netherlands --- Euthanasie - Pays-Bas