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This volume analyses thirteen cases, from the perspective of sixteen national European legal systems, in order to explore the legal nature of the precontractual phase and the liability which may follow a break-off of precontractual negotiations. The precontractual phase is difficult to characterise and analyse in either legal or practical terms. The negotiating parties have begun their journey together, but they are not yet in the relationship - the contract - which is their aim. The negotiations may fail after a lengthy period in which either party may have incurred significant expenses and invested time and effort. The break-off of the negotiations may come as a shock to one party where the negotiations were far advanced, or at least where there was nothing to suggest that they were not likely to lead to their fruition in the contract. The disappointed party is therefore likely to seek a remedy.

Law of obligations. Law of contract --- European law --- Contracts, Preliminary --- Liability (Law) --- 347.4 <4> --- Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Europa --- 347.4 <4> Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Europa --- Accountability --- Legal responsibility --- Responsibility, Legal --- Responsibility (Law) --- Civil law --- Contracts --- Obligations (Law) --- Preliminary agreements --- Preliminary contracts --- Law and legislation --- Law --- General and Others

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The rules presented in this volume of "Principles of European Law" deal with commercial agency, franchise and distribution contracts, and with other contracts where one party uses the other party's skill and efforts to bring its products to the market. Although these Principles are not directly applicable to other long-term (commercial) contracts, some of the Articles may be applied to such contracts by way of analogy where appropriate. The economic function of all three contracts is that they are instrumental in bringing products to the market. They are so-called vertical agreements, as they are agreements between economic actors on different levels in the production and distribution chain. Obviously, the economic importance of these contracts is enormous since they form the connection between producers and retailers who sell the products to consumers and other final users. There are only very few economic sectors where producers regularly sell their products directly to final consumer users. Goodwill compensation after the ending of a distribution contract, the moment at which the agent's commission is due, the franchisor's obligation to maintain the good reputation of the network are but a few examples of issues where specific rules are needed in order to give legal practice some guidance and to provide practitioners with a reasonable degree of legal certainty.

Commercial law --- European Union --- Droit commercial --- Handelsrecht --- Commercial agents --- Agency (Law) --- Distributors (Commerce) --- Franchises (Retail trade) --- Law and legislation --- 347.74 --- 347.74 Handelsovereenkomsten. Wissels. Mandaat tot betaling. Assignaties --- Handelsovereenkomsten. Wissels. Mandaat tot betaling. Assignaties --- Civil law --- E-books --- Commercial agents - Law and legislation - European Union countries. --- Agency (Law) - European Union countries. --- Distributors (Commerce) - European Union countries. --- Franchises (Retail trade) - Law and legislation - European Union countries. --- Contrats commerciaux particuliers --- Accord de distribution --- Union européenne --- Franchise --- Contrat d'agence commerciale

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Private law --- European law --- Civil law --- Droit civil --- International unification --- Codification --- Unification internationale