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Politics and government. --- Social conditions. --- Gesellschaft --- Politik --- Zeitschrift --- Since 1945 --- Geschichte --- Europe, Eastern --- Europe, Eastern. --- Osteuropa --- Politics and government --- Social conditions --- Politics and international relations --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Staatspolitik --- Politische Lage --- Politische Entwicklung --- Sein --- Periodikum --- Zeitschriften --- Presse --- Fortlaufendes Sammelwerk --- Europa --- Östliches Europa --- Central Europe --- Osteuropäer --- Ostblock --- Ostmitteleuropa --- Politische Situation --- Eastern Europe. --- Geschichte. --- Arts and Humanities --- Society and Culture --- Politics

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The nautanki performances of northern India entertain their audiences with often ribald and profane stories. Rooted in the peasant society of pre-modern India, this theater vibrates with lively dancing, pulsating drumbeats, and full-throated singing. In Grounds for Play, Kathryn Hansen draws on field research to describe the different elements of nautanki performance: music, dance, poetry, popular story lines, and written texts. She traces the social history of the form and explores the play of meanings within nautanki narratives, focusing on the ways important social issues such as political authority, community identity, and gender differences are represented in these narratives. Unlike other styles of Indian theater, the nautanki does not draw on the pan-Indian religious epics such as the Ramayana or the Mahabharata for its subjects. Indeed, their storylines tend to center on the vicissitudes of stranded heroines in the throes of melodramatic romance. Whereas nautanki performers were once much in demand, live performances now are rare and nautanki increasingly reaches its audiences through electronic media--records, cassettes, films, television. In spite of this change, the theater form still functions as an effective conduit in the cultural flow that connects urban centers and the hinterland in an ongoing process of exchange.

Theatrical science --- India --- Nautanki. --- Folk drama, Hindi --- Theater --- Nautanki --- Music, Dance, Drama & Film --- Drama --- History and criticism. --- History and criticism --- Dramatics --- Histrionics --- Professional theater --- Stage --- Theatre --- Hindi folk drama --- Performing arts --- Acting --- Actors --- Hindi drama

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Emphasizing the interaction between political organizations and social forces, Ervand Abrahamian discusses Iranian society and politics during the period between the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909 and the Islamic Revolution of 1977-1979. Presented here is a study of the emergence of horizontal divisions, or socio-economic classes, in a country with strong vertical divisions based on ethnicity, religious ideology, and regional particularism. Professor Abrahamian focuses on the class and ethnic roots of the major radical movements in the modem era, particularly the constitutional movement of the 1900s, the communist Tudeh party of the 1940s, the nationalist struggle of the early 1950s, and the Islamic upsurgence of the 1970s.In this examination of the social bases of Iranian politics, Professor Abrahamian draws on archives of the British Foreign Office and India Office that have only recently been opened; newspaper, memoirs, and biographies published in Tehran between 1906 and 1980; proceedings of the Iranian Majles and Senate; interviews with retired and active politicians; and pamphlets, books, and periodicals distributed by exiled groups in Europe and North America in the period between 1953 and 1980.Professor Abrahamian explores the impact of socio-economic change on the political structure, especially under the reigns of Reza Shah and Muhammad Reza Shah, and throws fresh light on the significance of the Tudeh party and the failure of the Shah's regime from 1953 to 1978.

Iran --- Politics and government --- Social conditions. --- Politique et gouvernement --- Conditions sociales --- Internal politics --- anno 1900-1999 --- Social conditions --- History --- Sociology --- Descriptive sociology --- Social history --- Abadan. --- Adamiyat, Fereydoun. --- Algeria. --- Azerbaijan. --- Bahrami, Muhammad. --- Bakhtiyaris. --- Baluchis. --- Basseris. --- Communist party (1947). --- Cottam, Richard. --- Daneshyan, Ghulam. --- Dashnak party. --- Dawlatabadi, Yahya. --- Farah Diba, Empress. --- Farangestan. --- Fatherland party. --- Fayzieh. --- Georgians. --- Griboyedov. --- Hajji Ibrahim. --- Haydaris. --- Imam Hussein. --- Iskandari, Sulayman. --- Jahanshalou, Nosratallah. --- Jangali party. --- Kani, Hojjat al-Islam. --- Kayhan. --- Kermanshah. --- Mahazari, Ibrahim. --- Mamasanis. --- Nakhshab, Muhammad. --- National caucus. --- Ovanessian, Ardasher. --- Pan-Iranist party. --- Peace Partisans. --- Qajar tribe. --- Qum. --- Resurgence party. --- Reza’i, Ahmad. --- bazaars. --- cabinets. --- capitulations. --- classes. --- educational facilities. --- electoral laws. --- fascism. --- gharbzadegi. --- income distribution. --- industrialization. --- land reform. --- missionaries. --- oil nationalization. --- República Islâmica do Irã --- Irã --- Persia --- Northern Tier --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- I-lang --- Paras-Iran --- Paras --- Persia-Iran --- I.R.A. --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai︠a︡ Respublika Iran --- I.R.I. --- IRI --- ايران --- جمهورى اسلامى ايران --- Êran --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Ir --- Islamskai͡a Respublika Iran --- República Islâmica do Ir

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Alongside Moctezuma and Benito Juárez, Pancho Villa is probably the best-known figure in Mexican history. Villa legends pervade not only Mexico but the United States and beyond, existing not only in the popular mind and tradition but in ballads and movies. There are legends of Villa the Robin Hood, Villa the womanizer, and Villa as the only foreigner who has attacked the mainland of the United States since the War of 1812 and gotten away with it. Whether exaggerated or true to life, these legends have resulted in Pancho Villa the leader obscuring his revolutionary movement, and the myth in turn obscuring the leader. Based on decades of research in the archives of seven countries, this definitive study of Villa aims to separate myth from history. So much attention has focused on Villa himself that the characteristics of his movement, which is unique in Latin American history and in some ways unique among twentieth-century revolutions, have been forgotten or neglected. Villa’s División del Norte was probably the largest revolutionary army that Latin America ever produced. Moreover, this was one of the few revolutionary movements with which a U.S. administration attempted, not only to come to terms, but even to forge an alliance. In contrast to Lenin, Mao Zedong, Ho Chi Minh, and Fidel Castro, Villa came from the lower classes of society, had little education, and organized no political party. The first part of the book deals with Villa’s early life as an outlaw and his emergence as a secondary leader of the Mexican Revolution, and also discusses the special conditions that transformed the state of Chihuahua into a leading center of revolution. In the second part, beginning in 1913, Villa emerges as a national leader. The author analyzes the nature of his revolutionary movement and the impact of Villismo as an ideology and as a social movement. The third part of the book deals with the years 1915 to 1920: Villa’s guerrilla warfare, his attack on Columbus, New Mexico, and his subsequent decline. The last part describes Villa’s surrender, his brief life as a hacendado, his assassination and its aftermath, and the evolution of the Villa legend. The book concludes with an assessment of Villa’s personality and the character and impact of his movement.

Villa, Francisco --- Villa, Pancho --- Mexico --- History --- Revolution, 1910-1920 --- Chihuahua (Mexico : State) --- Villa, Pancho, - 1878-1923. --- Mexico - History - Revolution, 1910-1920. --- Chihuahua (Mexico : State) - History. --- Social movements --- History. --- Villa, Pancho, --- Movements, Social --- Social history --- Social psychology --- Vilʹi︠a︡, Pancho, --- Villa, Francisco, --- Arrango, Doroteo, --- Arango, Doroteo, --- Germán, Doroteo Arango, --- Arango Arámbula, José Doroteo,

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Folklore --- Authenticity (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Folk beliefs --- Folk-lore --- Traditions --- Ethnology --- Manners and customs --- Material culture --- Mythology --- Oral tradition --- Storytelling --- History. --- Philosophy. --- #VCV monografie 1999 --- History --- Philosophy and psychology of culture --- authenticity --- folklore --- Germany --- United States --- folklore [discipline] --- United States of America