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Including contributions from such figures as Douglas Irwin, James Foreman-Peck, Kevin O'Rourke and Max-Stefan-Schulze, this key book summarizes the recent empirical research carried out on the issue of the classical period of trade protectionism. It provides a basis for revising widely held views on the standard effects of tariffs on economic structures and progress, as well as a historical perspective on recent developments.Long-held views on modern trade policies have been challenged by the introduction of recent theoretical developments in international economics and in mea

Protectionism --- Free trade --- History. --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- International trade --- Commercial policy --- average --- tariff --- revenue --- policy --- rates --- level --- valorem --- rif --- corn --- laws --- History

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This text transcribes, translates, and fully illustrates with photographs the inscription (more than 155 lines, in its damaged state) that carries the regulations drawn up over nearly two centuries for the customs dues of the rich province of Asia (western Turkey).

Customs administration --- Tariff --- Tariff (Roman law) --- Roman law --- Ad valorem tariff --- Border taxes --- Customs (Tariff) --- Customs duties --- Duties --- Fees, Import --- Import controls --- Import fees --- Tariff on raw materials --- Commercial policy --- Indirect taxation --- Revenue --- Favored nation clause --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Finance, Public --- Law and legislation --- History --- History.

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This paper outlines reforms that have been achieved in the modernization of the customs administrations of francophone sub-Saharan (African) countries since the mid-1990s. It also highlights the remaining issues in this process. Progress has been made in the automation of operations and procedures, with constant and significant efforts to strengthen revenue collection and improve trade facilitation in a number of countries. However, the pace and scope of modernization remains insufficient, particularly in developing customs control and enforcement capacities, and enhancing operational resources and management. The findings suggest that the authorities’ strong commitment to reform, organizational and management changes, adequate technical assistance and project management, and effective implementation of modern customs standards, are critical to accelerate the modernization of customs in francophone sub-Saharan Africa.  .

Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- Customs administration --- Tariff --- Ad valorem tariff --- Border taxes --- Customs (Tariff) --- Customs duties --- Duties --- Fees, Import --- Import controls --- Import fees --- Tariff on raw materials --- Commercial policy --- Indirect taxation --- Revenue --- Favored nation clause --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Finance, Public --- Evaluation --- E-books --- Exports and Imports --- Taxation --- Taxation and Subsidies: Other --- Comparative Studies of Countries --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Trade: General --- Sales tax, tariffs & customs duties --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Customs administration core functions --- Imports --- Exports --- Tariffs --- Customs procedures --- Revenue administration --- International trade --- Taxes --- Burkina Faso

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We study the macroeconomic consequences of tariffs. We estimate impulse response functions from local projections using a panel of annual data that spans 151 countries over 1963-2014. We find that tariff increases lead, in the medium term, to economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity. Tariff increases also result in more unemployment, higher inequality, and real exchange rate appreciation, but only small effects on the trade balance. The effects on output and productivity tend to be magnified when tariffs rise during expansions, for advanced economies, and when tariffs go up, not down. Our results are robust to a large number of perturbations to our methodology, and we complement our analysis with industry-level data.

Protectionism --- Tariff --- Industrial productivity --- Economic aspects. --- Ad valorem tariff --- Border taxes --- Customs (Tariff) --- Customs duties --- Duties --- Fees, Import --- Import controls --- Import fees --- Tariff on raw materials --- Commercial policy --- Indirect taxation --- Revenue --- Customs administration --- Favored nation clause --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Free trade and protection --- Productivity, Industrial --- TFP (Total factor productivity) --- Total factor productivity --- Industrial efficiency --- Production (Economic theory) --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Taxation --- Production and Operations Management --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Macroeconomics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Tariffs --- Trade balance --- Productivity --- Real exchange rates --- Taxes --- International trade --- Production --- Balance of trade --- Czech Republic

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This unique series offers the reader a comprehensive, bilingual analysis on a case-by-case basis of the jurisprudence of the WTO. Each case study contains: a synopsis and details of the case in question, and important bibliographical references; these are followed by a summary of the facts and procedure, claims of the parties, findings of the panel, issues raised in the appeal, conclusions of the appellate body and scholarly observations. Each case is analyzed by a different scholar in the field, so as to ensure the involvement in the series of the widest range of (English and French speaking) scholars and practitioners. This approach to the case-law gives the reader a complete and objective account of the reasoning of the dispute resolution mechanism, including numerous quotes (in italics when they are extracted from the case in question, for ease of reference), while at the same time offering a critical perspective, which analyses the reasoning adopted and places it in a global perspective. The volumes are organized chronologically, and the cases of a particular year are usually covered in two consecutive volumes. So far the case law of the following years has been published: 1996:-1997'; 1998; 1999-1'. More recent years and the intervening years will soon be published. Cette série unique d'ouvrages – en anglais et en français – a pour ambition de présenter au lecteur la « jurisprudence » de l’OMC de façon simple, cohérente et systématique. Chaque article obéit à une grille de lecture et contient ainsi le synopsis et les détails de l’espèce ainsi que de nombreuses références bibliographiques. Puis, après un bref rappel des faits et de la procédure, de la demande des parties, des conclusions du groupe spécial et de l’Organe d’appel, une rubrique « Observations » présente une approche critique de l’affaire. Les contributeurs sont aussi bien des universitaires que des praticiens, des francophones que des anglophones, avec la volonté éditoriale de tirer parti de tous les savoir-faire. Il y a aussi le souci d’aborder chaque affaire selon une double approche : d’une part, rendre compte fidèlement des raisonnements adoptés par les organes du mécanisme de règlement des différends, avec de nombreuses citations (en italiques lorsqu’elles sont extraites de l’affaire commentée) ; d’autre part, examiner ces raisonnements de la façon la plus complète et la plus objective en les replaçant dans une perspective d’évolution globale. Chaque volume est ordonné de manière chronologique, et, sauf exception, les affaires de chaque année sont traitées en deux volumes consécutifs. Les ouvrages relatifs aux affaires jugées entre 1996 et 1999 sont d’ores et déjà disponibles. La jurisprudence plus récente fera l’objet des prochains volumes de la collection.

Arbitrage. --- World Trade Organization. --- Arbitrage (Droit international privé) --- Clause compromissoire --- Commerce extéerieur --- Réglement de conflits --- Tarif douanier --- Tariff --- Dumping (International trade) --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Foreign trade regulation --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Protectionism --- Antidumping --- Dumping (Commercial policy) --- Competition, Unfair --- International trade --- Ad valorem tariff --- Border taxes --- Customs (Tariff) --- Customs duties --- Duties --- Fees, Import --- Import controls --- Import fees --- Tariff on raw materials --- Commercial policy --- Indirect taxation --- Revenue --- Customs administration --- Favored nation clause --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Réglementation --- Droit --- Law and legislation --- Organisation mondiale du commerce.