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Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.

demand side management (DSM) --- energy efficiency --- energy storage --- demand response (DR) --- flexibility --- R744 transcritical booster --- subcritical booster --- cascade --- parallel compression --- ejector --- commercial/retail refrigeration --- HVAC --- pressure based control --- damper control --- static pressure reset --- CO2 reset --- demand-based control --- energy saving --- human well-being --- IAQ --- Atomic Air --- air conditioning --- chiller --- CO2 --- commercial refrigeration --- heat pump --- heat recovery --- industrial refrigeration --- R744 --- transcritical vapor-compression system --- two-phase ejector --- domestic refrigerator --- consumer habits --- energy consumption --- good practices --- surveys --- ground source heat pump --- tropical climate --- horizontal heat exchanger --- district cooling --- liquid to compressed natural gas --- thermal energy storage --- LNG --- ground source heat pumps --- low GWP refrigerants --- energy analysis --- R410A --- R32 --- R454B