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This new edition of The Standard Model and Beyond presents an advanced introduction to the physics and formalism of the standard model and other non-abelian gauge theories. It provides a solid background for understanding supersymmetry, string theory, extra dimensions, dynamical symmetry breaking, and cosmology. In addition to updating all of the experimental and phenomenological results from the first edition, it contains a new chapter on collider physics; expanded discussions of Higgs, neutrino, and dark matter physics; and many new problems.
Standard model (Nuclear physics) --- Modèle standard (physique nucléaire) --- Standard model (Nuclear physics). --- Nuclear models --- Nuclear reactions --- Gauge Theory --- Higgs Boson --- High-energy physics --- Particle physics --- Strong Interaction --- Weak Interaction --- Modèle standard (physique nucléaire)
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Particle physics is a science about the symmetries of our world. The Standard Model is the fundamental theory of microworld. Particle dynamics in the Standard Model obeys strict symmetry laws with explicit experimental consequences. Priority problems of particle physics based on the Standard Model are more accurate theoretical predictions, experimental measurements and data analysis, proof of existence or non-existence of supersymmetry, top quark properties, Higgs boson, exotic quark states, and physics of neutrinos. In this collection of articles, many of these problems are discussed. We recommend this book for students, graduate students, and scientists working in the field of high energy physics.
exotic states --- confined covariant quark model --- strong and radiative decays --- strong interaction --- high energy --- multiparticle production --- multiplicity --- transverse momentum --- forward-backward correlations --- long-range rapidity correlations --- translation invariance in rapidity --- quark-gluon strings --- string fusion --- high energy physics --- electron–positron annihilation --- forward–backward asymmetry --- left–right asymmetry --- top quark --- pair production --- charge asymmetry --- neutrino oscillations in matter --- rephasing invariant --- neutrino absorption --- quasi-Dirac --- neutrino oscillation --- Majorana neutrino mass --- neutrinoless double beta decay --- gravity --- relocalization --- topology --- boundary --- poles
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Since their discovery in 1895, the detection of X-rays has had a strong impact on and various applications in several fields of science and human life. Impressive efforts have been made to develop new types of detectors and new techniques, aiming to obtain higher precision both in terms of energy and position. Depending on the applications, solid state detectors, microcalorimeters, and various types of spectrometers currently serve as the best options for spectroscopic and imaging detectors. Recent advancements in micron and meV precision have opened the door for groundbreaking applications in fundamental physics, medical science, astrophysics, cultural heritage, and several other fields. The aim of this Special Issue is to compile an overview, from different communities and research fields, of the most recent developments in X-ray detection and their possible impacts in various sectors, such as in exotic atom measurements, quantum physics studies, XRF, XES, EXAFS, plasma emission spectroscopy, monochromators, synchrotron radiation, telescopes, and space engineering. All the papers included in this Special Issue contribute to emphasizing the importance of X-ray detection in a very broad range of physics topics; most of these topics are covered by the published works, and several others are mentioned in the paper references, providing an interesting and very useful synopsis, from a variety of different communities and research fields, of the most recent developments in X-ray detection and their impact in fundamental research and societal applications.
Compton camera --- and detectors --- X-ray detectors --- coherent imaging --- X-ray and ?-ray spectrometers --- magnetic multilayers --- X-ray diffraction --- X-ray spectroscopy --- XAS --- scintillation detector --- X-ray absorption --- XRF --- HAPG --- soft X-rays --- gratings --- von Hamos --- radiation detectors --- amylin --- synchrotron radiation --- high energy resolution fluorescence detection --- optical materials --- HOPG --- molybdenum --- Pyrolytic Graphite --- mosaic spread --- mirrors --- quantum foundations --- strong interaction --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- multidisciplinarity --- Compton scattering --- Pauli exclusion principle --- free electron lasers --- X- and ?-ray instruments --- silicon photomultiplier --- kaonic atoms --- standing waves --- X- and ?-ray sources --- graphite crystals --- mosaicity --- X-ray source facilities --- rocking curve --- optical instruments and equipment --- photodetectors --- TM oxides --- X-ray reflectivity --- beamlines --- X-ray --- XAFS --- solid-state detectors --- underground experiment --- material investigation --- material science --- thin films --- X-ray Raman --- medical applications --- THz radiation --- X-ray absorption spectroscopy --- positron emission tomography
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Power network operators are rapidly incorporating wind power generation into their power grids to meet the widely accepted carbon neutrality targets and facilitate the transition from conventional fossil-fuel energy sources to clean and low-carbon renewable energy sources. Complex stability issues, such as frequency, voltage, and oscillatory instability, are frequently reported in the power grids of many countries and regions (e.g., Germany, Denmark, Ireland, and South Australia) due to the substantially increased wind power generation. Control techniques, such as virtual/emulated inertia and damping controls, could be developed to address these stability issues, and additional devices, such as energy storage systems, can also be deployed to mitigate the adverse impact of high wind power generation on various system stability problems. Moreover, other wind power integration aspects, such as capacity planning and the short- and long-term forecasting of wind power generation, also require careful attention to ensure grid security and reliability. This book includes fourteen novel research articles published in this Energies Special Issue on Wind Power Integration into Power Systems: Stability and Control Aspects, with topics ranging from stability and control to system capacity planning and forecasting.
DFIG --- ES --- virtual inertia control --- capacity allocation --- fuzzy logic controller --- wind power generation --- multi-model predictive control --- fuzzy clustering --- virtual synchronous generator --- doubly fed induction generator --- sub-synchronous resonance --- impedance modeling --- renewable energy sources (RESs) --- regional RoCoF --- model-based operational planning --- linear sensitivity-based method (LSM) --- cumulant-based method (CBM) --- collaborative capacity planning --- distributed wind power (DWP) --- energy storage system (ESS) --- optimization --- variable-structure copula --- Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method --- wind turbine wake model --- 3D aerodynamic model --- turbulence model --- correction modules --- hybrid prediction model --- wavelet decomposition --- long short-term memory --- scenario analysis --- weak grids --- full-converter wind --- active power output --- control parameters --- subsynchronous oscillation --- eigenvalue analysis --- doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) --- wind generation --- frequency control --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- error following forget gate-based long short-term memory --- ultra-short-term prediction --- wind power --- load frequency control (LFC) --- wind farm --- particle swarm optimization --- kinetic energy --- inertial response --- low inertia --- the center of inertia --- frequency response metrics --- wind integration --- PSS/E --- FORTRAN --- electromechanical dynamics --- FCWG dynamics --- strong interaction --- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (ELCR) --- FCWG dynamic correlation ratio (FDCR) --- quasi- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (QELCR) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) --- supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) --- rotor overspeed control --- low voltage ride through (LVRT) --- capacity configuration of SCES --- n/a --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method
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