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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

metacognitive therapy --- S-REF model --- metacognition --- psychological disorders --- causal mechanisms

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This study is a philosophical critique of the foundations of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. As such, it also takes cognizance of his claim that psychoanalysis has the credentials of a natural science. It shows that the reasoning on which Freud rested the major hypotheses of his edifice was fundamentally flawed, even if the probity of the clinical observations he adduced were not in question. Moreover, far from deserving to be taken at face value, clinical data from the psychoanalytic treatment setting are themselves epistemically quite suspect.

Psychoanalysis --- Philosophy. --- Freud, Sigmund, --- anxiety. --- behavior. --- childhood memories. --- childhood. --- clinical observations. --- clinical theory. --- desire. --- dreams. --- early psychology. --- ego. --- feminism. --- free association. --- freud. --- gender. --- id. --- logic. --- mental health. --- mental illness. --- misogyny. --- molestation. --- neuroscience. --- neurosis. --- nonfiction. --- personality. --- philosophy. --- psychoanalysis. --- psychological defenses. --- psychological disorders. --- psychology. --- rape. --- reference. --- repressed memories. --- repression. --- sexual assault. --- subconscious. --- superego. --- talking cure. --- therapy. --- trauma. --- unconscious.