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Catalytic Amination for N-Alkyl Amine Synthesis provides a useful survey of this key type of reaction for chemistry researchers in academia and industry. Beginning with an introduction to amination and the development of the field, the book focuses on useful and high potential methods, such as the catalytic amination of alcohol with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, the coupling reaction of olefin and amine, and the reductive amination of carbon dioxide with different reducing agents. The work also discusses two key examples of one-pot synthesis, the oxidative amination of alkane and amine and synthesis of N-alkyl amine with nitrobenzene and nitrile as starting materials. Valuable for chemists, materials scientists, chemical engineers and others, the book offers a unique overview of this growing area and its future possibilities.
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nitric oxide --- nitrogen cycle --- nitrogen fixation --- nitrogen transport --- nitrogen and coastal ecosystem --- Nitrogen --- Azote --- Nitrogen. --- Group 15 elements --- Nonmetals
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Leigh tells the story of how humans have used their ingenuity throughout history to maintain soil fertility, and to avoid famine through productive agriculture.
Nitrogen in agriculture --- Crops and nitrogen. --- Nitrogen and crops --- Nitrogen --- Agriculture --- Crops and nitrogen --- History. --- Nitrogen fertilizers --- Nitrogenous fertilizers --- Fertilizers
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Nitrogen compounds --- Nitrogen oxides --- Chemicals --- Environmental aspects.
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Nitrogen in agriculture. --- Agriculture --- Crops and nitrogen
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Air Pollution by Nitrogen Oxides.
Air --- Nitrogen oxides --- Pollution
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Heterocyclic chemistry is one of the largest branches of chemistry. Heterocycles play major roles in important fields such as medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistries, agrochemicals or polymers. A good understanding of the comparative reactivity of simple five- and six-membered rings, i.e. pyrrole vs pyridine type rings, makes it possible to approach or predict the reactivity of more complex heterocycles. This book is a compilation of exercises, mostly adapted from published works. For more clarity we have chosen to limit ourselves to nitrogen containing heterocycles. The book is mainly aimed to Master students, but it will also be of interest for anyone who wants to train in this important field of synthetic chemistry. The book is organized in five sections. In the first chapter, typical syntheses along with metal catalyzed pathways are presented. The two following chapters are devoted to the chemical reactivity of the six-membered (pyridine, quinoline, azines) and five-membered rings (pyrrole, indole, azoles). In these two chapters, the exercises of increasing difficulties focus on the main types of reactions, including electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitutions, N-alkylation and N-arylation, lithiation and other organometallic reactions, and metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. In the fourth chapter, the principles discussed in the previous chapters will be applied to the chemistry of complex polycyclic heterocycles containing both five and six membered rings (pyrrolyl-pyridine, aza-indole, indolizine, purine). The exercise solutions are commented in a separate chapter at the end of the book. Basic notions of nomenclature are given in a short appendix, allowing students to find out a ring structure from its name.
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Nitrogen is the most important nutrient in agricultural practice because the availability of nitrogen from the soil is generally not enough to support crop yields. To maintain soil fertility, the application of organic matters and crop rotation have been practiced. Farmers can use convenient chemical nitrogen fertilizers to obtain high crop yields. However, the inappropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental problems such as nitrate leaching, contamination in groundwater, and the emission of N2O gas. This book is divided into the following four sections: "Ecology and Environmental Aspects of Nitrogen in Agriculture", "Nitrogen Fertilizers and Nitrogen Management in Agriculture", "N Utilization and Metabolism in Crops", "Plant-Microbe Interactions".
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