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This book focuses on proposing a tsunami early warning system using data assimilation of offshore data. First, Green's Function-based Tsunami Data Assimilation (GFTDA) is proposed to reduce the computation time for assimilation. It can forecast the waveform at Points of Interest (PoIs) by superposing Green's functions between observational stations and PoIs. GFTDA achieves an equivalently high accuracy of tsunami forecasting to the previous approaches, while saving sufficient time to achieve an early warning. Second, a modified tsunami data assimilation method is explored for regions with a sparse observation network. The method uses interpolated waveforms at virtual stations to construct the complete wavefront for tsunami propagation. Its application to the 2009 Dusky Sound, New Zealand earthquake, and the 2015 Illapel earthquake revealed that adopting virtual stations greatly improved the tsunami forecasting accuracy for regions without a dense observation network. Finally, a real-time tsunami detection algorithm using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is presented. The tsunami signals of the offshore bottom pressure gauge can be automatically separated from the tidal components, seismic waves, and background noise. The algorithm could detect tsunami arrival with a short detection delay and accurately characterize the tsunami amplitude. Furthermore, the tsunami data assimilation approach is combined with the real-time tsunami detection algorithm, which is applied to the tsunami of the 2016 Fukushima earthquake. The proposed tsunami data assimilation approach can be put into practice with the help of the real-time tsunami detection algorithm.

Geophysics --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- geofysica --- natuurrampen --- Tsunamis.

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This book provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to addressing geohazards, with topics such as social vulnerability reduction, risk prevention, institutional preparedness, and community resilience. It also introduces new technologies to study geohazards, which is important since geohazards have caused many casualties, economic losses, and damage to cultural heritage throughout human history. Despite this, the culture of risk prevention is not yet widespread, so Disaster Risk Reduction activities must focus on increasing capacities, strategies, and action plans for prevention and preparedness in local communities.

Geophysics --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Mining industry --- mijnbouw --- natuurrampen --- Emergency management. --- Environmental disasters. --- Natural disasters.

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This book is the result of comprehensive research work on the various aspects of the West Bengal coast including the world’s largest riverine delta system, the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta. The role of various hydrodynamic factors in shaping the coastal configuration and physicochemical parameters of coastal waters, soils, and granulometry of beach sands are extensively discussed. The coasts of the Indian peninsula, particularly the east coast, are subjected to severe cyclones, tidal bores, storm surges, and strong drift, which changes the coastal configuration as well as the quality of waters and the fertility of soils. A systematic description of major cyclones and their effects on coastal areas are described in detail. The book offers comprehensive information on the prevailing ecological conditions and lush green mangrove forests with wide-ranging flora and fauna of Sundarbans. UNESCO has declared Sundarbans as one of the world’s heritage sites, and as in other parts of the world, some of the coastal areas in West Bengal have attracted the attention of many tourists. Various steps undertaken by the government for coastal zone management and sustainable development of the coastal areas have been highlighted in the book. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of the coastal environment.

Geophysics --- Hydrosphere --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- General ecology and biosociology --- sedimenten --- sedimentatie --- ecologie --- geomorfologie --- natuurrampen --- oceanografie --- Coastal ecology.

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Hoe ontstaat een orkaan? Hoe bescherm je je tegen een aardbeving? Kun je een tsunami voorspellen? Waarom barst een vulkaan uit?

Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Geology. Earth sciences --- aardbevingen --- lager onderwijs 2de graad (doelgroep) --- vulkanen --- Academic collection --- 562 --- orkanen --- tsunami's --- Aardbevingen --- De aarde --- Stormen --- Vloedgolven --- Vulkanen --- 091704.jpg --- Natuurrampen --- Aarde --- Aardbeving --- orkaan --- Vulkaan --- Storm --- 684.94 --- Orkanen --- geofysica, geochemie, natuurrampen --- het boek, boekillustratie --- Didactics of social education --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- overstromingen --- tsunami --- stormen --- natuurrampen

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This book proposes the use of green infrastructure to balance biodiversity conservation and disaster management. Paddy fields are one example of such infrastructure and are the focus of this book. In Japan, abandoned, once-cultivated land is increasing in the paddy fields due to the aging of society and recent depopulation. The author proposes to consolidate such lands and create wetlands because the paddy fields hold water during heavy rains, which prevents floods and protects cities. This is essential, considering that extreme weather conditions have increased the risk of flood damage in Japan. Not only do such wetlands hold water during the flood season, they also provide habitats for aquatic life and places for children to learn about the natural environment. In addition, fish farming in the wetlands will provide food for many people. The increase in water disasters associated with global warming is occurring not only in Japan but globally. The proposal presented in this book will help government officials around the world, especially those involved in urban and rural planning, to consider disaster management-an idea that will be welcomed by both engineers and biologists.

Geophysics --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- General ecology and biosociology --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- biodiversiteit --- landbouw --- ecologie --- natuurrampen --- Emergency water supply. --- Emergency water supply --- Wetland conservation