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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Higgs physics --- grand unified theories --- dark matter --- baryogenesis --- cosmic inflation

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In this book, an attempt is made to provide a hybrid grand unified theory to understand the universe, both in its micro/quantum aspects as well as macro/galactic aspects. The book describes a truly hybrid theory as it encompasses both the modern and ancient theories of the universe, together with its functioning at all levels of human comprehension. One of its authors, Dr Escultura, was nominated in 2005 for a Nobel Prize for his flux theory of gravitation. From then on this theory has been improved, clarified and is now known as the hybrid grand unified theory. This book deals with this new bold theory, unifying mathematics and physics, and answering some open fundamental questions and paradoxes in these disciplines. The book also describes what the ancient scientists knew about these matters.

Grand unified theories (Nuclear physics) --- Mathematical physics. --- Mathematics. --- Nuclear physics. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Applied Physics --- Operations Research --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Grand unification theories (Nuclear physics) --- GUT (Nuclear physics) --- Unification of fundamental particle interactions (Nuclear physics) --- Unified theories --- Mathematical Physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Math --- Science --- Mathematics --- Gauge fields (Physics) --- Nuclear reactions --- Supergravity --- Supersymmetry --- Unified field theories

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This book provides a unified description of elementary particle interactions and the underlying theories, namely the Standard Model and beyond. The authors have aimed at a concise presentation but have taken care that all the basic concepts are clearly described. Written primarily for graduate students in theoretical and experimental particle physics, The Physics of the Standard Model and Beyond conveys the excitement of particle physics, centering upon experimental observations (new and old) and a variety of ideas for their interpretation.
Contents:

• Weak Interaction<

Standard model (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear structure. --- Electroweak interactions. --- Neutrinos --- Supersymmetry. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Flavor (Nuclear physics) --- Flavor models (Nuclear physics) --- Top quark models --- Truth models (Nuclear physics) --- Quarks --- Unified theories --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Neutrino mass --- Atomic mass --- Interactions, Electroweak --- Electromagnetic interactions --- Grand unified theories (Nuclear physics) --- Weak interactions (Nuclear physics) --- Structure, Nuclear --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclear models --- Nuclear reactions --- Mass. --- Flavor. --- Modèle standard (Physique nucléaire) --- Structure nucléaire

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With this thesis the author contributes to the development of a nonmainstream but long-standing approach to electroweak symmetry breaking based on an analogy with superconductivity. Electroweak symmetry breaking is assumed to be caused by dynamically generated masses of typical fermions, i.e., of quarks and leptons, which in turn assumes a new dynamics between quarks and leptons. Primarily it is designed to generate fermion masses, and electroweak symmetry breaking is an automatic consequence.. the summary of the topic, the first main part of the thesis addresses the question as to whether the masses of known quarks and leptons provide sufficiently strong sources of electroweak symmetry breaking. It is demonstrated that neutrino masses subject to the seesaw mechanism are indispensable ingredients. The other two parts of the thesis are dedicated to the presentation of two particular models: The first model is based on the new strong Yukawa dynamics and serves as a platform for studying the ability to reproduce fermion masses. The second, more realistic model introduces a flavor gauge dynamics and its phenomenological consequences are studied. Although interest in this type of model has waxed and waned over the years, following the discovery of the Standard-Model-like Higgs particle, it is regaining its relevance. Although interest in this type of model has waxed and waned over the years, following the discovery of the Standard-Model-like Higgs particle, it is regaining its relevance. Although interest in this type of model has waxed and waned over the years, following the discovery of the Standard-Model-like Higgs particle, it is regaining its relevance.

Broken symmetry (Physics) --- Electroweak interactions. --- Interactions, Electroweak --- Electromagnetic interactions --- Grand unified theories (Nuclear physics) --- Weak interactions (Nuclear physics) --- Symmetry breaking (Physics) --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Quantum theory. --- Mathematical physics. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mathematics --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics

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These course-tested lectures provide a technical introduction to Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (SUSY GUTs), as well as a personal view on the topic by one of the pioneers in the field. While the Standard Model of Particle Physics is incredibly successful in describing the known universe it is, nevertheless, an incomplete theory with many free parameters and open issues. An elegant solution to all of these quandaries is the proposed theory of SUSY GUTs. In a GUT, quarks and leptons are related in a simple way by the unifying symmetry and their electric charges are quantized, further the relative strength of the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces are predicted. SUSY GUTs additionally provide a framework for understanding particle masses and offer candidates for dark matter. Finally, with the extension of SUSY GUTs to string theory, a quantum-mechanically consistent unification of the four known forces (including gravity) is obtained. The book is organized in three sections: the first section contains a brief introduction to the Standard Model, supersymmetry and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Then SUSY GUTs in four space-time dimensions are introduced and reviewed. In addition, the cosmological issues concerning SUSY GUTs are discussed. Then the requirements for embedding a 4D SUSY GUT into higher-dimensional theories including gravity (i.e. String Theory) are investigated. Accordingly, section two of the course is devoted to discussing the so-called Orbifold GUTs and how in turn they solve some of the technical problems of 4D SUSY GUTs. Orbifold GUTs introduce a new set of open issues, which are then resolved in the third section in which it is shown how to embed Orbifold GUTs into the E(8) x E(8) Heterotic String in 10 space-time dimensions.

Physics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Models, String --- String theory --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Mathematics --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Grand unified theories (Nuclear physics) --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclear reactions --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics)