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Fats and Oils Handbook (Nahrungsfette und Öle)

Oils and fats, Edible --- Edible oils and fats --- Shortenings --- Oils and fats --- Low-fat diet --- Health aspects. --- Agrotechnology and Food Sciences. Food Sciences --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Food Chemistry --- Chemistry of Food Components.

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Nutrition has long been considered more the domain of medicine and agriculture than of the biological sciences, yet it touches and shapes all aspects of the natural world. The need for nutrients determines whether wild animals thrive, how populations evolve and decline, and how ecological communities are structured. The Nature of Nutrition is the first book to address nutrition's enormously complex role in biology, both at the level of individual organisms and in their broader ecological interactions. Stephen Simpson and David Raubenheimer provide a comprehensive theoretical approach to the analysis of nutrition--the Geometric Framework. They show how it can help us to understand the links between nutrition and the biology of individual animals, including the physiological mechanisms that determine the nutritional interactions of the animal with its environment, and the consequences of these interactions in terms of health, immune responses, and lifespan. Simpson and Raubenheimer explain how these effects translate into the collective behavior of groups and societies, and in turn influence food webs and the structure of ecosystems. Then they demonstrate how the Geometric Framework can be used to tackle issues in applied nutrition, such as the problem of optimizing diets for livestock and endangered species, and how it can also help to address the epidemic of human obesity and metabolic disease. Drawing on a wealth of examples from slime molds to humans, The Nature of Nutrition has important applications in ecology, evolution, and physiology, and offers promising solutions for human health, conservation, and agriculture.

Energy metabolism. --- Obesity. --- Physiology, Experimental. --- Bioenergetics. --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Animal nutrition. --- Nutrition --- Nutrition. --- Bioenergetics --- Metabolism --- Microbial respiration --- Adiposity --- Corpulence --- Fatness --- Overweight --- Body weight --- Nutrition disorders --- Experimental physiology --- Energy balance (Biology) --- Energy budget (Biology) --- Energy dynamics (Ecology) --- Energy utilization (Biology) --- Biochemistry --- Energy budget (Geophysics) --- Compensation (Physiology) --- Plasticity (Physiology) --- Ecophysiology --- Animals --- Domestic animals --- Livestock --- Nutrition research --- Alimentation --- Food --- Health --- Physiology --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Research. --- Disorders --- Health aspects --- Geometric Framework. --- aging. --- agricultural animals. --- animal feeds. --- animal life. --- animal nutrition. --- applied nutrition. --- biophysical ecology. --- cannibalism. --- companion animals. --- conservation ecology. --- dietary recommendations. --- dietary restriction. --- ecological communities. --- ecological sciences. --- ecosystem dynamics. --- ecosystem. --- endangered species. --- energetic expenditure. --- epigenetic effects. --- evolutionary ecology. --- feeding behavior. --- food components. --- food composition. --- food requirements. --- food webs. --- food-level analysis. --- geometric responses. --- group-level behavioral patterns. --- growth targets. --- gut. --- health. --- human diet. --- human health. --- human nutrition. --- human obesity. --- imbalanced diets. --- immune response. --- individual nutrition. --- individual nutritional state. --- intake target. --- intake targets. --- life history theory. --- life span. --- life-history strategies. --- lifespan. --- local nutritional interactions. --- macronutrient intake. --- macronutrient. --- malnutrition. --- medicine. --- metabolic disease. --- metabolic responses. --- micronutrient. --- migration. --- modern human diet. --- multiple nutrients. --- multiple-food-components. --- natural medicines. --- natural selection. --- nutrient intake. --- nutrient needs. --- nutrient space. --- nutrient-level analysis. --- nutrients. --- nutrition. --- nutritional biology. --- nutritional environment. --- nutritional environments. --- nutritional epigenetics. --- nutritional geometry. --- nutritional homeostasis. --- nutritional immunology. --- nutritional interactions. --- nutritional regimes. --- nutritional requirements. --- nutritional sciences. --- nutritional space. --- nutritional state. --- nutritional traits. --- physiological responses. --- postingestive regulatory responses. --- protein appetite. --- protein intake. --- reproduction. --- reproductive senescence. --- self-medication. --- sex. --- sexual selection theory. --- stored fat. --- superorganism. --- taste receptors. --- toxin. --- trophic dynamics.

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Background: The gut microbiota is emerging as a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of many non-communicable diseases. Thus, it has been proposed as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target.Aim and scope: This Special Issue will focus on the microbiome as a potential target of new personalized therapies or diagnostic tools.History: In recent decades, the gut microbiome has been deeply investigated, and many studies have provided new information on the role of dysbiosis in many gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Recently, in addition to its phylogenetic characterization, new information has become available regarding the function of the gut microbiota, thanks to proteomic and metabolomic analyses.Cutting-edge research: The therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiota based on different strategies, including diet modification, antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and, last but not least, fecal microbiota transplantation, has been tested for the treatment of various diseases. Recently, the possible applications and modalities of gut microbiota modulation have been increasingly expanding.We have collected original clinical or pre-clinical research papers and reviews focusing on the use of the microbiome for disease diagnosis, monitoring, or therapy and suggesting new possible gut microbiota-based approaches for personalized care.

Medicine --- Graves–Basedow’s diseases --- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis --- autoimmunity --- gut microbiota --- irritable bowel syndrome --- microbiota --- microbiome --- food components --- nutrients --- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation --- fecal microbiota transplantation --- aGvHD --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria --- cystic fibrosis --- rabbits --- intestinal dysbiosis --- feces microbiome --- beta-blocker --- hemodialysis --- next-generation sequencing --- propensity score matching methods --- violin plots --- random sampling --- analytical reproducibility --- fecal matter transplantation --- data disease subtypes --- personalized medicine --- maltodextrin --- dip test --- gallstone disease --- 16S rDNA gene diversity --- blood biochemical characteristics --- mesothelioma --- 16S RNA sequencing --- species --- probiotics and gut disease --- probiotics and acute diverticulitis --- probiotics and diverticular disease --- probiotics mechanism of action --- IgA Nephropathy --- rifaximin --- α1KI-CD89Tg mice --- children --- intermittent hypoxemia --- obstructive sleep apnea --- tonsil --- weight status --- oral microbiota --- rheumatology diseases --- biomarkers --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- rheumatoid arthritis --- Sjogren’s syndrome --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- endometrial cancer --- endometrial microbiome --- gut microbiome --- dysbiosis --- estrogen metabolism --- estrobolome --- inflammation --- antitumour treatment --- prebiotics --- probiotics --- schizophrenia --- depression --- anxiety --- functional genes --- thymoma --- genera --- driver mutation --- cardiovascular diseases --- critically ill --- intestinal permeability --- recurrent cystitis --- n/a --- Graves-Basedow's diseases --- Hashimoto's thyroiditis --- Sjogren's syndrome