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2021 (3)

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Book
Advances in Eating Disorders
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Eating disorders (ED) are a group of mental disorders characterized by an altered food intake and the presence of inappropriate behaviors and thoughts about weight and shape. All EDs lead to physical and psychosocial functioning impairments in the patients which, in turn, may contribute to the persistence of the disease. The severity of EDs has been highlighted by their chronicity, medical complications, comorbidity, and high rates of mortality. Therefore, to address this important health issue, the current Special Issue collected 21 articles (i.e., three reviews and 18 research articles) focusing on the most recent and relevant scientific findings regarding advances in ED, such as genetic and epigenetic factors, biomarkers, comorbidity, clinical phenotypes, neurocognition, treatment predictors, and treatment models and therapeutic targets. Altogether, we believe that the articles contained in this Special Issue have largely achieved the initial objective of providing increased knowledge about the pathogenesis, the risk factors, the maintenance factors, and the most appropriate treatments tools for ED.

Keywords

anorexia nervosa --- cognitive interpersonal model --- severe enduring --- physical activity --- accelerometry --- weight gain --- eating disorders --- malnutrition --- neuroimaging --- fractal dimension --- cortical complexity --- food craving --- food addiction --- emotion regulation --- event related potentials --- EEG --- neurophysiology --- psychopathology --- ASD --- comorbidity --- emotion recognition --- attention --- sensory sensitivity --- autism --- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) --- body mass index --- disordered eating behaviors --- disordered eating cognitions --- polygenic scores --- non-suicidal self-injury --- temperament --- eating disorder --- adolescence --- nocturnal eating syndrome --- sleep-related eating disorder --- parasomnia --- delayed sleep-wake phase --- MUPS --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- MRS --- insula --- glutamate --- N-acetylaspartate --- NAA --- epigenetics --- bulimia nervosa --- DNA methylation --- gene-environment interactions --- caloric intake --- refeeding syndrome --- refeeding protocol --- children and adolescents --- parents --- carers --- intervention --- workshop --- online intervention --- alcohol and/or drug abuse --- substance use disorder --- executive functions --- impulsivity --- emotional dysregulation --- deep brain stimulation --- psychosurgery --- clinical trial --- subcallosal cingulate --- nucleus accumbens --- high expressed emotion --- caregivers --- dance students --- disordered eating attitudes --- Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) --- mesomorphy --- ectomorphy --- Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis --- attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder --- ADHD --- longitudinal --- treatment outcome --- dropout --- rTMS --- treatment --- anorexia --- bulimia --- binge eating disorders --- restrictive anorexia nervosa --- weight recovery --- animal models --- acyl-ghrelin --- desacyl-ghrelin --- chronic food restriction --- virtual reality --- fear of gaining weight --- body anxiety --- body image disturbances --- body-related attentional bias --- n/a


Book
Childhood Malnutrition
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book covers a wide range of malnutrition manifestations across the globe. Malnutrition in any form has an serious, long-term impact on children’s development, health and well-being. It is an emerging public health problem that needs to be addressed through actions and policies.The Special Issue opens with an overview of global malnutrition data. It is followed by three articles on eating disorders: a systematic review of the correlation between vegetarian diets and eating disorders in adolescents and young adults, a review of the nutritional risks among adolescent athletes with disordered eating, and a systematic review of the neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa.The next article is a review on the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients at diagnosis and its correlations with treatment, clinical outcome and long-term growth and health of survivors.The need for more extensive assessment of children’ nutritional status in developing countries is explored in the next two articles: a presentation of anthropometry measurements among Nepali children living in orphanages and a report on the nutritional status, diet, and intestinal parasites in hosted Saharawi children.The next article focusses on the development of a disease-specific tool for determining malnutrition risk in pediatric and adolescent cystic fibrosis outpatients in Greece. The last two articles examine aspects of childhood obesity in two Mediterranean countries. First, sociodemographic determinants of childhood obesity in Spain are presented. The last article examines the effects of nutrition and physical activity habits and perceptions on adolescents’ Body Mass Index in Greece.We wish to thank everyone who contributed to this project, including the patients and families that participated in the studies presented in this book.


Book
Social Media and Public Health: Opportunities and Challenges
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Social media has the potential to provide rapid insights into unfolding public health emergencies such as infectious disease outbreaks. They can also be drawn upon for rapid, survey-based insights into various health topics. Social media has also been utilised by medical professionals for the purposes of sharing scholarly works, international collaboration, and engaging in policy debates. One benefit of using social media platforms to gain insight into health is that they have the ability to capture unfiltered public opinion in large volumes, avoiding the potential biases introduced by surveys or interviews. Social media platforms can also be utilised to pilot surveys, for instance, though the use of Twitter polls. Social media data have also been drawn upon in medical emergencies and crisis situations as a public health surveillance tool. A number of software and online tools also exist, developed specifically to aide public health research utilising social media data. In recent years, ethical issues regarding the retrieval and analysis of data have also arisen.

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