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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Dengue Virus --- DENV --- dengue fever --- DENV-specific T cell response

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Arboviruses have become global threats. Common to Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Mayaro viruses is their ability to be transmitted by mosquitoes. Several strategies based on transgenics or microbiology are currently being field-tested. While this approach seems hopeful, the research community needs to focus on potential backlash from these technologies to prevent failure. The aim of the Special Issue is to cover different transmission routes that are untargeted by the newly developed strategies to foresee limitations. Here, Fontenille & Powell gave their insights on how a mosquito species becomes a global vector, Yen & Failloux presented the limitations of Wolbachia-based population replacement, Pereira-dos-Santos et al. reviewed the evidence that Aedes albopictus is an important vector, and Diagne et al. gathered information about the latest emerging arbovirus: Mayaro. Manuel et al. demonstrated that in certain conditions mosquitoes efficiently transmit Zika viruses and Rozo-Lopez et al. showed that midges vertically transmit stomatitis virus, highlighting the epidemiological significance of vertical transmission. Vector competence for secondary vectors was improved by Kosoltanapiwat et al. during entomological surveillance and by Fernandes et al. when evaluating different vector species competence for Zika viruses. Morales-Vargas et al. and Calvez et al. improved our understanding of DENV2 and DENV4 epidemiology.

mosquito --- culicidae --- Aedes aegypti --- Aedes albopictus --- emergence --- arbovirus --- emerging diseases --- vector competence --- spill-over --- blood-feeding --- bridge vector --- arboviruses --- vesicular stomatitis virus --- Culicoides midges --- non-conventional transmission --- venereal transmission --- reproductive anatomy --- mating behavior --- Zika virus --- vertical transmission --- mosquito control --- replacement strategy --- Wolbachia --- environmental factors --- viral adaptation --- zika virus --- dengue virus --- mosquito surveillance --- Thailand --- transmission efficiency --- vector capacity --- susceptibility --- dengue --- DENV-4 --- epidemic --- Lao PDR --- phylogeny --- Aedes vectors --- Mayaro --- emerging arbovirus --- alphavirus --- Togaviridae --- Aedes --- disease severity

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Electrical and electro-optical biosensing technologies are critical to the development of innovative POCT devices, which can be used by both professional and untrained personnel for the provision of necessary health information within a short time for medical decisions to be determined, being especially important in an era of global pandemics. This Special Issue includes a few pioneering works concerning biosensors utilizing electrochemical impedance, localized surface plasmon resonance, and the bioelectricity of sensing materials in which the amount of analyte is pertinent to the signal response. The presented results demonstrate the potential of these label-free biosensing approaches in the detection of disease-related small-molecule metabolites, proteins, and whole-cell entities.

printed circuit board --- sensor electrode --- electrochemical sensor --- printed biosensors --- printing technologies --- electrochemistry --- point-of-care --- ovarian cancer --- nanowire biosensor --- nanowire --- silicon-on-insulator --- CA 125 --- antibodies --- liquid crystal --- photopolymer --- UV exposure --- bovine serum albumin --- protein assay --- dielectric spectroscopy --- lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal --- label-free biosensor --- optical biosensor --- immunoassay --- transmission spectrometry --- spoof localized surface plasmon polariton --- sensor --- glucose solution --- millimeter wave --- metamaterial --- spin-coating --- single-substrate --- cancer biomarker CA125 --- dengue virus --- dengue serotype --- mosquito-borne viral disease --- virus detection --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- cancer cells --- dielectrophoresis --- crossover frequency --- electrical impedance spectroscopy --- n/a

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Dengue fever is the world's most prevalent mosquito-borne illness, but Alex Nading argues that people in dengue-endemic communities do not always view humans and mosquitoes as mortal enemies. Drawing on two years of ethnographic research in urban Nicaragua and challenging current global health approaches to animal-borne illness, Mosquito Trails tells the story of a group of community health workers who struggle to come to terms with dengue epidemics amid poverty, political change, and economic upheaval. Blending theory from medical anthropology, political ecology, and science and technology studies, Nading develops the concept of "the politics of entanglement" to describe how Nicaraguans strive to remain alive to the world around them despite global health strategies that seek to insulate them from their environments. This innovative ethnography illustrates the continued significance of local environmental histories, politics, and household dynamics to the making and unmaking of a global pandemic.

Dengue --- Dengue. --- Politics. --- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice . --- Environmental Health. --- Breakbone fever --- Dengue fever --- Arbovirus infections --- Flaviviral diseases --- Hemorrhagic fever --- Environmental Health Science --- Health, Environmental --- Environmental Health Sciences --- Environmental Healths --- Health Science, Environmental --- Health Sciences, Environmental --- Healths, Environmental --- Science, Environmental Health --- Sciences, Environmental Health --- Ecology --- Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice --- Conservatism --- Decentralization --- Liberalism --- Political Factors --- Voting --- Political Activity --- Activities, Political --- Activity, Political --- Factor, Political --- Factors, Political --- Political Activities --- Political Factor --- Dissent and Disputes --- Break-Bone Fever --- Breakbone Fever --- Classical Dengue --- Classical Dengue Fever --- Dengue Fever --- Break Bone Fever --- Classical Dengue Fevers --- Classical Dengues --- Dengue Fever, Classical --- Dengue, Classical --- Fever, Break-Bone --- Fever, Breakbone --- Fever, Dengue --- Nicaragua. --- Nikaragua --- Nikaragoua --- República de Nicaragua --- Republic of Nicaragua --- Central America (Federal Republic) --- Environmental Health --- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice --- Politics --- #SBIB:39A4 --- #SBIB:39A9 --- #SBIB:39A74 --- #SBIB:327.4H63 --- Toegepaste antropologie --- Medische antropologie / gezondheid / handicaps --- Etnografie: Amerika --- Derde wereld: ontwikkelingspolitiek, hervormingen (binnenlands, onderwijs-, gezondheidsbeleid e.a.) --- Dengue viruses. --- Flaviviruses --- animal borne illness. --- community health workers. --- dengue endemic communities. --- dengue fever. --- dengue virus. --- diagnosis. --- disease. --- economic change. --- ethnographic research. --- experiments. --- fever. --- global health. --- global pandemic. --- health care. --- high fever. --- illness. --- medical anthropology. --- medical conditions. --- medical. --- mosquito borne disease. --- mosquito. --- political change. --- political ecology. --- poverty. --- science and math. --- science. --- skin rash. --- technology. --- the politics of entanglement. --- theoretical. --- tropical disease. --- urban nicaragua. --- virus.

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that historically has been associated with mild febrile illness. However, the recent outbreaks in Brazil in 2015 and its rapid spread throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean, together with its association with severe neurological disorders—including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults—have changed the historic perspective of ZIKV. Currently, ZIKV is considered an important public health concern that has the potential to affect millions of people worldwide. The significance of ZIKV in human health and the lack of approved vaccines and/or antiviral drugs to combat ZIKV infection have triggered a global effort to develop effective countermeasures to prevent and/or treat ZIKV infection. In this Special Issue of Viruses, we have assembled a collection of 32 research and review articles that cover the more recent advances on ZIKV molecular biology, replication and transmission, virus–host interactions, pathogenesis, epidemiology, vaccine development, antivirals, and viral diagnosis.

microRNAs --- antivirals --- reverse genetics --- nucleic acid computation --- viral pathogenesis --- plaque reduction neutralization test --- clinical trials --- viral genetic variation --- viral fitness --- pregnancy --- type I IFN antagonist --- prM-E proteins --- eye --- replicon --- antiviral responses --- Bacterial artificial chromosome --- gene expression --- NS1 protein --- viral permissiveness --- ZIKV–host interactions --- reporter virus --- viral persistence --- blood-retinal barrier --- virus like particles --- emerging arbovirus --- Non-human primates --- heme-oxygenase 1 --- mosquito surveillance --- antiviral compounds --- ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders --- external quality assessment --- outbreak control --- therapeutics --- cryptic promoter silencing --- testis --- neurons --- mutagenesis --- RNA-seq --- microsphere immunoassay --- host-directed antivirals --- molecular diagnostics --- Bayesian analyses --- astrocytomas --- Full-length cDNA infectious clones --- viral pathogenicity --- neural progenitor cells --- full-length molecular clone --- antiviral --- multiplex nucleic acid detection --- Asian-lineage --- nucleic acid strand exchange --- IgA --- African-lineage --- vaccines --- Zika --- research models and tools --- immune response --- IgG avidity tests --- polymerase chain reaction --- Asian lineage --- sexual transmission --- TLR7/8 --- neuropathogenesis --- cross-reactions --- genetic variability --- mosquito --- ZIKV --- infectious cDNA --- prostate --- host genetic variation --- monoclonal antibodies --- optimised --- anti-viral immunity --- QCMD --- arbovirus --- FSS13025 --- MR766 --- NS5 --- EQA --- testicular cells --- virus attachment --- flavivirus --- mosquito-borne flavivirus --- dsRNA --- boolean logic-processing nucleic acid probes --- Ziks virus --- viral replication --- Aedes aegypti --- infection --- natural history --- infectious RNA --- zika virus --- chimeric viruses --- subgenomic replicon --- replication --- human brain glial cells --- microglia cells --- hepatocytes --- bacterial artificial chromosome --- detoxification and immune system responses --- testes --- dengue viruses --- Zika virus --- insecticide resistance --- NS2A protein --- plasmid toxicity --- cell surface receptors --- serology --- viral evolution --- laboratory preparedness --- flaviviruses --- Tet-inducible --- dengue virus --- diagnosis --- assay standardization --- infectious clone --- ELISA --- innate response --- congenital Zika syndrome --- secondary infections --- apoptosis --- viral survival --- ocular --- validated --- rhesus macaques --- neuroinflammation --- placenta cells --- NHP --- Zika virus (ZIKV) --- point-of-care diagnostics --- isothermal nucleic acid amplification --- microcephaly --- cytopathic effects --- indirect immunofluorescence --- fetal infection --- therapy --- siRNA --- viral counteraction --- neural cells --- silvestrol --- eIF4A