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The paper employs synthetic control method (SCM) to determine the impact of trade agreements for 64 Latin American country pairs in the period 1989-1996. The results suggest that trade agreements have markedly boosted exports in Latin America, on an average by 76.4 percentage points over ten years. However, there is variation across countries and agreements. The export gains due to trade agreements are lower than the world average comprising 104 country pairs in the period 1983-1995.

Commercial treaties. --- Trade agreements (Commerce) --- Competition, International --- Foreign trade regulation --- Treaties --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Commercial treaties --- E-books --- Exports and Imports --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Trade: General --- International economics --- Trade agreements --- Exports --- North American Free Trade Agreement --- Customs unions --- Export performance --- International trade --- Protectionism --- Mexico

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The Southern African Customs Union (SACU) is the oldest customs union in the world, with significant opportunities ahead for creating higher economic growth and increased welfare benefits to the people of the region, by fulfilling its vision to become an economic community with a common market and monetary union. This volume describes policy options to address the barriers to equitable and sustainable development in the region and outlines a plan for deeper regional integration.

Customs unions --- Regionalism --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Free trade areas --- Tariff unions --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Commercial policy --- International economic integration --- Second best, Theory of --- Tariff --- Africa, Southern --- Economic integration. --- E-books --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- Fiscal Policy --- Trade: General --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- International economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Monetary economics --- Monetary unions --- Labor markets --- Unemployment --- Unemployment rate --- Fiscal policy --- Economic integration --- Labor market --- Exports --- Expenditures, Public --- South Africa --- Income economics

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Regional economic arrangements such as free trade areas (FTAs), customs unions, and currency blocs, have become increasingly prevalent in the world economy. Both pervasive and controversial, regionalization has some economists optimistic about the opportunities it creates and others fearful that it may corrupt fragile efforts to encourage global free trade. Including both empirical and theoretical studies, this volume addresses several important questions: Why do countries adopt FTAs and other regional trading arrangements? To what extent have existing regional arrangements actually affected patterns of trade? What are the welfare effects of such arrangements? Several chapters explore the economic effects of regional arrangements on patterns of trade, either on price differentials or via the gravity model on bilateral trade flows. In addition, this book examines the theoretical foundation of the gravity model. Making extensive use of the gravity model of bilateral trade, several chapters explore the economic effects of regional arrangements. In addition, this book examines the theoretical foundation of the gravity model.

Foreign trade policy --- Blocs commerciaux --- Blocs commerciaux régionaux --- Buitenlandse handel --- Commerce extérieur --- Commerce extérieur international --- Commerce international --- Commerce mondial --- Commerciaux [Blocs ] --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Handelsblokken --- International economic integration --- International trade --- Internationale economische integratie --- Internationale handel --- Intégration économique internationale --- Regional economic blocs --- Regional trading blocs --- Regionalism --- Regionalisme --- Régionalisme --- Trade blocs --- Trading blocs --- World trade --- Échanges commerciaux internationaux --- Échanges internationaux --- International economic integration. --- International trade. --- Regionalism. --- Trade blocs. --- International Commerce --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- AA / International- internationaal --- 382.0 --- 337.550 --- 382.52 --- NBB congres --- 337.1 --- Common markets --- Economic integration, International --- Economic union --- International economic relations --- Trade, International --- Non-traded goods --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Algemeenheden. Techniek en praktijk van de internationale handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. --- Douane-unies (algemeenheden). --- Handelsakkoorden. Driehoekshandel. Bilateralisme. --- Conferences - Meetings --- Integration, International economic --- Markets, Common --- Union, Economic --- Douane-unies (algemeenheden) --- Algemeenheden. Techniek en praktijk van de internationale handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen --- Handelsakkoorden. Driehoekshandel. Bilateralisme --- E-books --- currency blocs, customs unions, free trade areas, ftas, economics, economy, regional, price differentials, gravity models, bilateral flows, welfare, endowments, geography, currencies, monetary policy, exchange rates, commerce, labor, capitalism, finance, business, tariff, exports, imports, nafta, gatt, nonfiction, firms, wealth, investment.

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How the WTO deals with regional trade agreements (RTAs) is conceptually and practically one of the most important questions in international trade law. This book clarifies that relationship focussing on one form of regional integration – customs unions – and one form of trade measures – anti-dumping measures. This book answers the question how anti-dumping measures and legislation change if a state is in a customs union as well. In doing so, this book provides a new reasoning why anti-dumping measures are modified in customs unions, as well as a comprehensive overview of how this has happened, a legal analysis on the legality of these changes, and an answer to the question how the different institutional settings have impacted questions of responsibility and attribution. Going beyond this, this book also considers the specific problems that arise in cases of economic integration and disintegration, and finally, the impact forming a customs union has on third parties that may impose anti-dumping measures on states that are members of a customs union.

World Trade Organisation. --- customs union. --- anti-dumping duty. --- anti-dumping legislation. --- Antidumping duties. --- Customs unions --- Tariff --- Anti-dumping duties --- Antidumping tariffs --- Contingent duties --- Countervailing duties --- Law and legislation. --- World Trade Organization. --- Biśva Bāṇijya Saṃsthā --- Dėlkhiĭn Khudaldaany Baĭguullaga --- DTÖ --- Dünya Ticaret Örgütü --- Munaẓẓamat al-Tijārah al-ʻĀlamīyah --- O.M.C. --- OMC --- ʻOngkān Kānkhā Lōk --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Organización Mundial de Comercio --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Organizația Mondială de Comerț --- Organizzazione mondiale del commercio --- Organizzazione mondiale per il commercio --- Qaṅgkār Bāṇijjakamm Bibhab Lok --- Sāzmān-i Tijārat-i Jahānī --- Shi jie mao yi zu zhi --- SOT --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svitova orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ torhivli --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Tổ chức thương mại thế giới --- Viśva Vyapāra Saṅgaṭhana --- Vsemirnai︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- VTO --- W.T.O. --- Welthandelsorganisation --- World Trade Organisation --- WTO --- منظمة التجارة العالمية --- 世界貿易組織 --- 世界贸易组织 --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) --- legislație antidumping --- leġiżlazzjoni anti-dumping --- antidempingo įstatymai --- legislazione antidumping --- legislación antidumping --- reachtaíocht frithdhumpála --- antidempinga tiesību akti --- polkumyyntilainsäädäntö --- protidampinška zakonodaja --- legjislacioni antidumping --- législation antidumping --- antidumpinglovgivning --- protidumpingová legislativa --- antidumpningslagstiftning --- antidumpingwetgeving --- νομοθεσία αντιντάμπινγκ --- ustawodawstwo antydumpingowe --- антидъмпингово законодателство --- antidumpingová legislatíva --- Antidumpinggesetzgebung --- dumpinguvastane seadusandlus --- законодавство за антидампинг --- protudampinško zakonodavstvo --- dömpingellenes jogszabályok --- legislação antidumping --- антидампиншко законодавство --- dumpinguvastane koodeks --- anti-dumping code --- lutte antidumping --- κώδικας αντιντάμπινγκ --- queixa antidumping --- καταγγελίες αντιντάμπινγκ --- antidumpningskod --- antidumpingové konanie --- code antidumping --- antidumping --- dömpingellenes eljárás --- polkumyyntimenettely --- διαδικασία αντιντάμπινγκ --- antidampinško zakonodavstvo --- bestrijding van dumping --- Antidumpingverordnung --- dömpingellenes kódex --- ricorso antidumping --- antidempingo kodeksas --- antidempinga kodekss --- antidumpning --- καταπολέμηση του ντάμπινγκ --- antidumpingprocedure --- polkumyyntisäännöt --- procedimento antidumping --- anti-dumping proceeding --- processo antidumping --- antidumpingvoorschriften --- lotta antidumping --- procedură antidumping --- antidumpningsförfarande --- procedimiento antidumping --- antidempingo procedūra --- dumpinguvastane menetlus --- antidempinga procedūra --- kodi antidamping --- antidumpingkodex --- Antidumping --- antidumpingový zákon --- código antidumping --- reclamo antidumping --- bekæmpelse af dumping --- luta antidumping --- codice antidumping --- antidumpingové opatření --- lucha antidumping --- kamp mot dumpning --- antidampinški postupak --- antidumpningsprocedur --- procédure antidumping --- procedura antidamping --- anti-dumpingwetgeving --- Antidumpingverfahren --- antidumpingový zákonník --- legislação anti-dumping --- antidumpingtold --- dömpingellenes vám --- dleacht frithdhumpála --- taxă antidumping --- droits antidumping --- protidampinška carina --- antidumpingheffing --- такса на дампинг --- dumpinguvastane tollimaks --- Antidumpingzoll --- dazio antidumping --- protidumpingové clo --- cło antydumpingowe --- антидъмпингов данък --- direitos antidumping --- detyrim antidumpingu --- polkumyyntitulli --- антидампинг давачка --- antidumpningstull --- antidempinga muita --- derechos antidumping --- protudampinška pristojba --- dazju ta’ antidumping --- antidempingo mokestis --- δασμοί αντιντάμπινγκ --- antidumpingové clo --- definitiv antidumpningstull --- konečné protidumpingové clo --- privremena protudampinška pristojba --- pretdempinga muita --- direitos antidumping provisórios --- антидампинг такса --- dočasné antidumpingové clo --- dazio antidumping definitivo --- laikinasis antidempingo mokestis --- final anti-dumping duty --- ideiglenes dömpingellenes vám --- väliaikainen polkumyyntitulli --- anti-dumpingheffing --- vorläufiger Antidumpingzoll --- végső dömpingellenes vám --- endgültiger Antidumpingzoll --- ajutine dumpinguvastane tollimaks --- antidampinška pristojba --- temporary anti-dumping duty --- galīgais antidempinga maksājums --- antidumpingafgifter --- prozatímní protidumpingové clo --- provisorisk antidumpningstull --- detyrimi antidamping përfundimtar --- galutinis antidempingo mokestis --- lõplik dumpinguvastane tollimaks --- taxă antidumping definitivă --- taxă antidumping temporară --- dazio compensativo --- direitos antidumping definitivos --- definitieve antidumpingheffing --- προσωρινοί δασμοί αντιντάμπινγκ --- endelig antidumpingtold --- οριστικοί δασμοί αντιντάμπινγκ --- carinska pristojba kao protuteža inozemnom dampingu --- droits antidumping provisoires --- droits antidumping définitifs --- konečné antidumpingové clo --- lopullinen polkumyyntitulli --- direitos anti-dumping --- midlertidig antidumpingtold --- detyrimi antidamping i përkohshëm --- derechos antidumping provisionales --- pagaidu antidempinga maksājums --- voorlopige antidumpingheffing --- дефинитивна антидампинг давачка --- dazio antidumping provvisorio --- derechos antidumping definitivos --- привремена антидампинг давачка --- uniune vamală --- muitų sąjunga --- muitas savienība --- τελωνειακή ένωση --- toldunion --- unjoni doganali --- царинска унија --- vámunió --- colná únia --- unia celna --- unión aduanera --- aontas custaim --- unione doganale --- carinska unija --- douane-unie --- celní unie --- tullunion --- bashkim doganor --- tulliliitto --- união aduaneira --- митнически съюз --- Zollunion --- union douanière --- tolliliit --- territorio doganale unico --- Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Εμπορίου --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie --- Organizația Mondială a Comerțului --- Maailma Kaubandusorganisatsioon --- Organizata Botërore e Tregëtisë --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Светска трговинска организација --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Kereskedelmi Világszervezet --- Pasaulio prekybos organizacija --- Verdenshandelsorganisationen --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svjetska trgovinska organizacija --- Световна търговска организация --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācija --- l-OrganizzazzjoniDinjija tal-Kummerċ --- Светска трговска организација --- Världshandelsorganisationen --- An Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Trádála --- Maailman kauppajärjestö --- Svetová obchodná organizácia --- Svetovna trgovinska organizacija --- EDT --- STO --- OBT --- PTO (starptautiskā tirdzniecība) --- СТО --- WTO (l-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tal-Kummerċ) --- Wereld-handelsorganisatie --- Světová organizace obchodu --- World Trade Organization --- PPO --- ΠΟΕ --- International law. --- Trade regulation. --- International Economic Law, Trade Law. --- Regulation of trade --- Regulatory reform --- Trade regulation --- Commercial law --- Consumer protection --- Deregulation --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Law and legislation