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This volume explores key issues in the modern tensions between state and religions by exploring a number of case studies from around the world.

Religion and state --- religion and the state --- sociology --- church-state relations --- public religions --- secularization --- post-secularism

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"At the turn of the twenty-first century, Xiamen’s pursuit of World Heritage Site designation from UNESCO stimulated considerable interest in the city’s Christian past. History enthusiasts, both Christian and non-Christian, devoted themselves to reinterpreting the legacy of missionaries and challenged official narratives of Christianity’s troubled associations with Western imperialism. In this book, Jifeng Liu documents the tension that has inevitably emerged between the established official history and these popular efforts. This volume elucidates the ways in which Christianity has become an integral part of Xiamen, a Chinese city profoundly influenced by Western missionaries. Drawing on extensive interviews, locally produced histories, and observations of historical celebrations, Liu provides an intimate portrait of the people who navigate ideological issues to reconstruct a Christian past, reproduce religious histories, and redefine local power structures in the shadow of the state. Liu makes a compelling argument that a Christian past is being constructed that combines official frameworks, unofficial practices, and nostalgia into social memory, a realm of dynamic negotiation that is neither dominated by the authoritarian state nor characterized by popular resistance. In this way, Negotiating the Christian Past in China illustrates the complexities of memory and missions in shaping the city’s cultural landscape, church-state dynamics, and global aspirations. This groundbreaking study assumes a perspective of globalization and localization, in both the past and the present, to better understand Chinese Christianity in a local, national, and global context. It will be welcomed by scholars of religious studies and world Christianity, and by those interested in the church-state relationship in China."

Christianity --- Missions --- Social aspects --- Xiamen (Xiamen Shi, China) --- Church history. --- Asian Christianity. --- Chinese Christianity. --- Chinese politics. --- Chinese religion. --- Church-state relations. --- Memory. --- Missions. --- Xiamen. --- missionaries. --- nostalgia.

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"The different theoretical notions and practices of the relations between the state and religious communities in early modern Europe constitute one of the most interesting problems in histography. Moving away from a simple "toleration" versus "non-toleration" dichotomy, the author sets out to analyse the inter-confessional relations in selected European territories in a "longue duree" perspective, between Reformation and Enlightenment. Outliningthe relations between the state and the different Churches (confessions) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Holy Roman Empire of Germany, and the Northern Netherlands serves to highlight the specificity of "free" (non-absolutist) composite states, where the particularly complex process of defining the raison d'etat determined the level of religious toleration that was politically feasible and socially acceptable."

Church and state --- Reformation --- Enlightenment --- Eglise et Etat --- Réforme (Christianisme) --- Siècle des Lumières --- Poland --- Lithuania --- Germany --- Netherlands --- Pologne --- Lituanie --- Allemagne --- Pays-Bas --- Church history. --- Histoire religieuse --- Christianity and state --- Separation of church and state --- State and church --- State, The --- E-books --- Church --- Church-state relations --- Confessional --- Denominational relations --- Humanist and political theory --- Kriegseisen --- Protestant and Catholic reformers --- Reform --- Relations --- State

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Periodicals --- Cults --- Religions --- Religion. --- Religiöse Bewegung. --- Alternative religious movements --- Cult --- Cultus --- Marginal religious movements --- New religions --- New religious movements --- NRMs (Religion) --- Religious movements, Alternative --- Religious movements, Marginal --- Religious movements, New --- Cults. --- Religions. --- Comparative religion --- Denominations, Religious --- Religion, Comparative --- Religions, Comparative --- Religious denominations --- World religions --- Pseudoreligion --- Sects --- Civilization --- Gods --- Religion --- Religiöse Bewegung --- new religions --- book reviews --- Human Rights --- Jehovah's Witnesses --- prophecy --- islam --- Australia --- Australian aborigines --- ufology --- UFOs --- UFO Religions --- heathenism --- traditionalism --- Left-Hand Path (LHP) --- satanism --- religious pluralism --- misconceptions --- religious diversity --- discrimination --- methodology --- new religious movements (NRM) --- minority religions --- Watch Tower --- eschatology --- Watch Tower Society --- biblical chronology --- failed predictions --- Religious Studies --- Sociology --- muslims --- conversion --- Aboriginal Muslims --- Australian Aboriginies --- marginalisation --- Aliens --- extraterrestrials --- myths --- Sweden --- Swedish UFO movement --- Erland Sandqvist --- Gösta Rehn --- Radical Taditionalism --- esotericism --- The Rune-Gild --- paganism --- runes --- surveys --- questionnaires --- alternative religions --- neopaganism --- neo-paganism --- identity construction --- Catholicism --- Monastic Organizations --- Zen Buddhism --- Japanese Zen --- Japanese Buddhist Schools --- Ningen Zen Kyodan (人間禅教団) --- laypeople --- Ningen Zen --- japanese religions --- koji Zen --- Ayurveda --- Omega Man (1971) --- counter-cult movement --- Richard Matheson --- cult wars --- films --- movies --- Ayurvedic health counselling (Sweden) --- holistic medicine --- spirituality health care --- positioning --- coaching --- alternative medicines --- Religious organizations --- Monastic Communities --- children --- children in new religious movements --- children and cults --- sects --- Candice O'Denver --- postmodernity --- awareness --- Great Freedom group --- David Lyon --- Kenneth Gergen --- Anthony Giddens --- self-improvement --- Japan --- Mormonism --- apocalypse --- millennialism --- Aum Shinrikyo (オウム真理教) --- Shoko Asahara (麻原彰晃) --- Kofuku no Kagaku (幸福の科学) --- Japanese new religious movements --- church-sect dichotomy versus esoteric interpretation --- symbolism --- magic and masonry --- Book of Mormon --- Book of Abraham --- Latter-day Saints --- mormons --- Joseph Smith Jr. --- Theosophy --- messianism --- Slavdom --- White Brotherhood --- Bulgaria --- national identity --- Bogomils --- New Atheism --- Enlightenment --- Irreligion --- Secularity --- Healing Churches --- religious therapy --- spiritual healing --- discordianism --- Chaos magic --- fiction-based religions --- Hugh B. Urban --- Principia Discordia (1965) --- Illuminatus! Trilogy (1975) --- Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth (TOPY) --- parody religions --- shinshūkyō (新宗教) --- Happy Science (幸福の科学, Kōfuku-no-Kagaku) --- The Family International (TFI) --- Organizational Change --- David Berg --- the Reboot --- New Zealand --- Census --- Religious Denominations --- affiliation --- disafilliation --- apostasy --- Church of Scientology --- sociology of religion --- ex-cult members --- Landmark Education --- the Landmark Forum --- corporate religion --- Werner Erhard --- Transcendental Meditation (TM) --- Sri Sri Ravi Shankar --- Sudarshan Kriya --- legitimization --- religious entrepreneurship --- Art of Living movement --- Glastonbury --- Frederick Bligh Bond --- historiography of religion --- Glastonbury Abbey --- New Age --- Modern Satanism --- dialogue --- the Unification Church --- Korea --- Won Buddhism --- new religion --- self-differentiation --- inter-religious dialogue --- the Pope --- anti-Catholic dialogue --- the 'symbolic construction' of identity --- fundamentalisms --- the symbolic origins of Rastafari --- Hare Krishna --- popular culture --- theology --- Ireland's New Religious Movements --- the fundamentalist Latter Day Saints --- Texas --- raid --- the International Raelian movement --- new religious movements --- mainstream religions --- the State --- secular Estonia --- Unification Church (UC) --- Sun Myung Moon --- World Council of Churches (WCC) --- Kingdom of Heaven --- Troeltsch --- Second Coming --- salvation --- Lord of the Second Advent --- Divine Principle --- Universal Peace Federation (UPF) --- World Peace --- ecumenism --- interfaith --- global ethic --- Sot’aesan --- Ilwŏnsang --- Chŏngsan --- Ethics of Triple Identity --- homophobia --- pedophilia --- Claude Vorilhon --- Church-state relations --- religion and law --- neoliberalism --- Social Networks --- International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) --- Hare Krishna movement --- Longitudinal Approaches --- Exclusive Brethren --- media --- newspapers --- controversy --- politics --- content analysis --- church - state issues --- media transformation --- anticult movement (ACM) --- former members --- brainwashing --- Halal --- Kosher --- food --- Food and Religion --- taboo --- fundamentalism --- authenticity --- purity --- glatt --- spiritual therapies --- gender --- gender discrimination --- Jehovah’s witnesses (Sweden) --- Reiki --- conspiracism --- David Icke --- theodicy --- Reptilian Thesis --- New Age Theodicy --- teenagers --- One-World View --- Two-World View --- George Gurdjieff (1866–1949) --- Peter D. Ouspensky --- Pyotr Demianovich Ouspenskii (Пётр Демьянович Успенский) --- spirituality --- religious groups --- atheism --- personal autonomy --- sacredness --- complementary medicine --- alternative medicine --- professionalization --- self-regulation --- Swedish Reiki organizations --- Beelzebub --- Satanism studies --- boundary-work --- research methods --- feminism --- Anton Szandor LaVey (1930 - 1997) --- sex magic --- occultism --- witchcraft --- feminine fluids --- bodily secretions --- Aleister Crowley --- women --- Essentialism --- Constructionism --- Femininity --- female leadership --- Gnosticism --- heavy metal music --- Latin American Folk Religion --- Contemporary Legends --- anti-cosmic Satanism --- heavy metal --- Nordic black metal music --- Order of Nine Angles (ONA or O9A) --- traditional Satanism --- progressive Left-Hand Path --- Sinister milieu