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The chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria with a complex developmental cycle comprising a metabolically less-active, infectious stage, the elementary body (EB), and a metabolically more active stage, the reticulate body (RB). They are responsible for many acute and chronic diseases in humans and animals. In order to play a causative role in chronic diseases, chlamydiae would need to persist and to re-activate within infected cells/tissues for extended periods of time. Persistence in vitro is defined as viable but non-cultivable chlamydiae involving morphologically enlarged, aberrant, and nondividing RBs, termed aberrant bodies (AB). In vitro, alterations of the normal developmental cycle of chlamydiae can be induced by the addition of Interferon-? (IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and penicillin G exposure as well as amino acid or iron deprivation, monocyte infection and co-infection with viruses. In vivo, key questions include whether or not ABs occur in infected patients and animals and whether such ABs can contribute to prolonged, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring through continuing stimulation of the host immune system known from diseases such as trachoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, reactive arthritis and atherosclerosis. To date, the direct causal role in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infection and persistence in vivo has been questioned since there was no tractable animal model of chlamydial persistence so far. A very recent study was able to establish an experimental animal model of in vivo persistence, when C. muridarum vaginally-infected mice were gavaged with amoxicillin. Amoxicillin treatment induced C. muridarum to enter the persistent state in vivo. Recent in vivo data from patients indicate that viable but non-infectious developmental stages are present in the genital tract of chronically-infected women and that the gastrointestinal tract might be a reservoir for persistent chlamydial infections at other sites.

Chlamydia infections. --- stress response --- chlamydia --- Chronic Disease

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Chlamydia infections. --- Chlamydial infections --- Gram-negative bacterial infections --- Chlamydia Infections. --- Chlamydiales --- pathogenicity.

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Nowadays, Chlamydia still represents a redoubtable pathogen. Among its consequences, the blindness in children and severe impairment of reproductive health in adults are the most mutilating. Worldwide, it is estimated that six million of people suffer from post-trachoma blindness and almost 90 million become sexually infected each year. Due to its silent evolution and sexually transmission, the chlamydial infection can occur in anyone. The book “Chlamydia - A Multifaceted Pathogen” contains an updated review of all-important issues concerning the chlamydial infection. It comprises 18 chapters grouped in four major parts dealing with etiology and pathogenicity, clinical aspects, diagnosis and prevention. The new molecular data about the pathogenicity and the exhaustive presentation of clinical findings bring novelty to the book and improve our knowledge about Chlamydia induced diseases.

Chlamydia infections. --- Chlamydial infections --- Gram-negative bacterial infections --- Infectious & contagious diseases

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The genus Chlamydia encompasses a number of species of obligate intracellular bacteria, including important human pathogens like the most common bacterial agent of sexually transmitted disease. This volume reviews current knowledge of chlamydial biology, covering the unusual structure of the bacteria – which alternate between metabolically almost inactive and fast-dividing forms. It also discusses the ways in which Chlamydia manipulates the host cytoskeleton and subverts the host cell’s defence, and illustrates how genomics have begun to uncover the diversity and complexity of chlamydial strains that look very similar but may cause distinct forms of disease. Further, it describes how techniques are now finally being established that can genetically modify Chlamydia, and discusses why such modification is still very difficult and what progress we can expect. Lastly, it presents our current understanding of chlamydial disease: what do we know about chronic infections, what are the mechanisms of inflammatory damage, and what are the prospects of a vaccine? Written be specialists in these various areas, the book is a valuable work of reference for students and scientists with an interest in the molecular, cellular and immunobiology of these fascinating bacteria.

Chlamydia infections. --- Chlamydia. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Medical microbiology. --- Infectious diseases. --- Biomedicine. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- PLT agents --- Psittacosis-lymphogranuloma-trachoma organisms --- Chlamydiaceae --- Chlamydial infections --- Gram-negative bacterial infections --- Microbiology. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms

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Fonds Suzan Daniel (FSD)

616.008 --- Aids (Acquired Immune Deficience Syndrome, HIV-infectie) --- Syfilis (lues) --- 605.11 --- besmettelijke ziekten (gez) --- soa (gez) --- geslachtsziekten --- SOA --- seksueel overdraagbare aandoeningen --- Candidiasis --- Chlamydia-infectie --- Gonorroe --- Hepatitis b --- Herpes genitalis --- Pediculosis (phtiriasis, haarluis) --- Scabies --- Seksueel overdraagbare aandoeningen (soa) --- Vaginitis (vulvovaginitis) --- Wratten --- 616.9 ) Venerische ziekten --- chlamydia-infectie --- hepatitis B --- candidiasis --- chlamydia trachomatis --- gonorroe --- herpes labialis --- papillomavirus --- pediculosis (luizen) --- scabiës (acariasis, schurft) --- syfilis (lues) --- vaginitis --- Seksueel overdraagbare aandoeningen --- huid- en geslachtsziekten --- (zie ook: haarhygiëne) --- AIDS --- verpleegkunde --- syfilis --- 605.6 --- 616.97 --- Aids (hiv) --- scabiës --- aids (Acquired Immune Defcience Syndrome, hiv, humaan immunodeficiëntievirus) --- seksueel overdraagbare aandoeningen (SOA, venerische ziekten) --- Aids