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The core of the book consists in the coherent typological analysis of more than 200 Doric friezes from hellenistic Central Italy. By means of this data a typologically induced dating and historical evaluation for each building became possible. Several stages of motivic and stylistic transfer concerning sacred and funeral buildings can be linked to different processes of political restructuring, spanning the period from the Social War to the veteran settlements and municipalisation of Early Augustan times. Grundlage des Buches ist eine typologische Analyse, die an über 200 zum Teil noch unpublizierten dorischen Friesen durchgeführt wird. Anhand dieser breiten Datenbasis ist es erstmals möglich, für jedes der untersuchten Gebäude eine Datierung und geschichtliche Einordnung vorzuschlagen. Die wechselnden Motivkombinationen an bestimmten Typen von Sakral- und Grabbauten können auf verschiedene Umstrukturierungen vom Bundesgenossenkrieg bis hin zu den Landverteilungen der frühaugusteischen Zeit zurückgeführt werden.

Friezes, Doric. --- Decoration and ornament, Architectural --- Architecture, Roman --- friezes from hellenistic Central Italy --- Architektur --- Hellenismus --- Bauornamentik --- römische Republik --- dorische Ordnung --- Mittelitalien --- Fries --- Gutta --- IHS --- Metope (Architektur) --- Triglyphe

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Providing new insights into the Bianchi devotions, a medieval popular religious revival which responded to an outbreak of plague at the turn of the fifteenth century, this book takes a comparative, local and regional approach to the Bianchi, challenging traditional presentations of the movement as homogeneous whole. Combining a rich collection of textual, visual, and material sources, the study focuses on the two Tuscan towns of Lucca and Pistoia. Alexandra R.A. Lee demonstrates how the Bianchi processions in central Italy were moulded by secular and ecclesiastical authorities and shaped by local traditions as they attempted to prevent an epidemic.

Bianchi (Italian religious movement) --- Italy, Central --- Religious life and customs. --- Central Italy --- Religious life and customs --- Vie chrétienne --- Plague --- Religious aspects --- Catholic Church. --- Italy --- Lucca (Italy) --- Pistoia (Italy) --- Church history --- Church history. --- Bianchi (Italian religious movement) - Italy, Central --- Italy, Central - Religious life and customs

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This Special Issue outlines the role of geoheritage and geotourism as potential touristic resources of a region. The term “geoheritage” refers to a particular type of natural resources represented by sites of special geological significance, rarity or beauty that are representative of a region and of its geological history, events, and processes. These sites are also known as “geosites” and, as well as archaeological, architectonic, and historical sites, can be considered as part of the cultural estate of a country. “Geotourism” is an emerging type of sustainable tourism, which concentrates on geosites, focusing on visitor knowledge, environmental education, and amusement. Geotourism may be very useful for geological sciences divulgation and may provide additional opportunities for the development of rural areas, generally not included among the main touristic attractions. The collected papers focused on these main topics with different methods and approaches and can be grouped as follows: i) papers dealing with geosite promotion and valorization in protected areas; ii) papers dealing with geosite promotion and valorization in non-protected areas; iii) papers dealing with geosite promotion by exhibition, remote sensing analysis, and apps; iv) papers investigating geotourism and geoheritage from tourists’ perspectives.

geotourism resources --- cultural tourism --- archeology --- touristic itinerary --- valorization --- inner-mountain areas --- Apennines --- central Italy --- isolated relief --- geological heritage --- southern Apulia --- Italy --- geotourism --- geoheritage --- urban geology --- geodiversity --- SWOT analysis --- rural regions --- geomorphosites --- geosites --- quantitative assessment --- Malta --- georesources --- Internet --- Iceland --- geosite --- faults --- fractures --- dykes --- Earth Science communication --- geopark --- regional development --- mining site --- Zaruma --- El Sexmo --- tourist mine --- geology-based tourism --- cultural heritage --- web-GIS --- smartphone --- Alto Molise --- protected areas --- weekend tourism --- tourists’ opinion --- national parks --- environmental education --- Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni Geopark --- Middle Bussento Karst System --- Sesia Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark --- fieldtrips --- virtual tours --- multidisciplinary approach --- Italian NW Alps --- geoparks --- geological knowledge --- geoarcheology --- geomorphosite --- geoitinerary --- geological science divulgation

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Energies is open to submissions for a Special Issue on “Renewable Energy Production from Energy Crops and Agricultural Residues”. Biomass represents an important source of renewable and sustainable energy production. Its increasing consumption is mainly related to the increase in global energy demand and fossil fuel prices, but also to a lower environmental impact compared to non-renewable fuels. These factors take RED II directives into consideration. In the past, forestry interventions were the main supply source of biomass, but in recent decades two others sources have entered the international scene. These are dedicated energy crops and agricultural residues, which are important sources of biomass for biofuel and bioenergy. Below, we consider four main value chains: • Oil crops: Oil production from non-food oilseed crops (such as camelina, Crambe, safflower, castor, cuphea, cardoon, etc.), oil extraction, and oil utilization for fuel production. • Lignocellulosic crops: Biomass production from perennial grasses (miscanthus, giant reed, switchgrass, reed canary grass, etc.), woody crops (willow, poplar, Robinia, eucalyptus, etc.), and agricultural residues (pruning, maize cob, maize stalks, wheat chaff, sugar cane straw, etc.), considering two main transformation systems: 1. Electricity/heat production 2. Second-generation ethanol production • Carbohydrate crops (cereals, sweet sorghum, sugar beets, sugar cane, etc.) for ethanol production. • Fermentable crops (maize, barley, triticale, Sudan grass, sorghum, etc.) and agricultural residues (chaff, maize stalks and cob, fruit and vegetable waste, etc.) for production of biogas and/or biomethane.

bioenergy --- crop by-products --- harvesting methods --- maize cob --- wheat chaff --- combine harvesting --- olive groves --- pruning --- stationary chipper --- harvesting system --- hog fuel --- pruning supply chain --- populus --- biomass --- yield energy value --- lower heating value --- ash content --- sulphur --- circular bioeconomy --- oil crops --- agricultural residues --- thermophysical and chemical features --- wheat --- straw --- weed seed --- biocommodity --- threshing --- pruning harvesting --- biomass quality --- slope --- work productivity --- bioresource --- cereals --- commodity --- harvest index --- staple foods --- triticum --- Miscanthus x giganteus --- environmental impact --- agricultural production --- digestate --- eucalyptus --- woody biomass --- storage of fine wood chips --- moisture content --- calorific value --- dry matter loss --- Eucalyptus --- tree whole stem --- firewood logs --- storage system --- renewable energy --- harvesting --- suitable areas --- Central Italy --- Corine Land Cover --- short rotation coppice --- Salix --- genotype × site interaction --- nitrogen content --- sulphur content --- willow biomass --- soil organic carbon --- life cycle assessment --- spatial analysis --- greenhouse gas emissions --- energy return on investment --- lignocellulosic biomass --- hydrothermal pretreatment --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- sugar yield --- high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis --- externalities --- economic analysis --- willow biomass production --- new varieties --- sustainable production --- renewable energy sources --- biofuels --- agriculture residues --- forecasting --- modelling --- Poland --- work performance --- harvesting loss --- fuelwood --- cable yarder --- CO2 emission --- pine plantations --- time study --- energy efficiency --- agroenvironmental mapping --- energy crop --- Jatropha curcas L. --- land suitability --- bio-based supply chains --- integrated biomass logistical center --- mixed integer programming model