Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

At present the study of functional and ecological wood anatomy enjoys a vigorous renaissance and plays a pivotal role in plant and ecosystem biology, plant evolution, and global change research. This book contains a selection of papers presented at the successful meetings of the International Association of Wood Anatomists and the Cost-Action STReESS (Studying Tree Responses to extreme Events: a Synthesis) held in Naples in April 2013. Four review papers address (1) the hydraulic architecture of the earliest land plants, (2) the general phenomenon of axial conduit tapering in trees, (3) the hydraulic and biomechanical optimization in one of the most important plantation grown tree species, Norway Spruce, and (4) cellular and subcellular changes in the cambium in response to environmental factors. Three papers review or introduce new tools to observe the 3-D structure and functioning of wood, and novel tools for quantitative image analysis in tree ring series. Finally, five papers report original research on environmental effects on wood structure, including studies on plastic responses in European beech, effects of fire or late summer rains on Mediterranean Aleppo Pine, and the potential for using arctic shrubs or tropical deciduous trees in dendrochronological and climatological studies. Reprinted from IAWA Journal 34 (4), 2013.

Wood --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Trees --- Timber --- Anatomy --- Botany. --- Ecology. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Botanical science --- Floristic botany --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Plant anatomy --- Anatomy. --- Ecology --- Figure --- forest ecology --- Forestry biology --- wood anatomy --- Cambium --- Vascular bundles --- Plant water relations

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Climatic change causes a mismatch between tree populations on sites they currently occupy and the climate to which they have adapted in the past. The maintenance of productivity and of ecological and societal services requires resilient populations and ecosystems, particularly close to the vulnerable trailing (xeric) range limits. The studies confirm the selective effect of diverse habitat/climate conditions across the species ranges. Soil conditions may mask climate effects and should be considered separately. The unique potential of provenance tests is illustrated by growth response projections that may be less dramatic than provided by usual inventory data analyses. Assisted migration appears to be a feasible management action to compensate for climatic warming. However, the choice of populations needs special care under extreme conditions and outside the limits of current natural distribution ranges. The proper differentiation of measures according to the present and future adaptive challenges require the continuation of long-term analyses and the establishment of better focused field trials in disparate climates that contain populations from a representative range of habitats. The studies present results obtained from diverse regions of the temperate forest zone, from Central and Northwestern Europe, the Mediterranean, Russia, China, North and Central America.

Camptotheca acuminata --- MaxEnt --- climateAP --- suitable habitat --- climate change --- soil --- genetic variation --- seed sourcing --- forest management --- genetic conservation --- Pinus sylvestris --- climate-change impacts --- ecosystem responses to climate --- species distributions --- climatype distributions --- adaptive management --- provenance test --- genecology --- reforestation --- restoration --- conservation --- assisted migration --- climatic change --- climate transfer distance --- dryness index --- Abies religiosa --- survival --- mortality --- biomass --- basal diameter --- Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve --- Picea abies --- field trials --- provenances --- families --- clones --- height growth --- phenotypic stability --- phenotypic plasticity --- mountain forest --- tree species selection --- Scots pine --- adaptation --- wood anatomy --- tracheidogram --- traits --- common garden --- silver fir --- grand fir --- Balkan firs --- drought stress --- resilience --- scots pine seed mass and seed zones --- a provenance trial --- bioclimatic models --- an ensemble of general circulation models --- RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios --- Russia --- n/a