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The United Nations Development Programme is the central network co-ordinating the work of the United Nations in over 160 developing countries. This 2006 book provides the first authoritative and accessible history of the Programme and its predecessors. Based on the findings of hundreds of interviews and archives in more than two dozen countries, Craig Murphy traces the history of the UNDP's organizational structure and mission, its relationship to the multilateral financial institutions, and the development of its doctrines. He argues that the principles on which the UNDP was founded remain as relevant in a world divided by terrorism as they were in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, as are the fundamental problems that have plagued the Programme from its origin, including the opposition of traditionally isolationist forces in the industrialized world.

#SBIB:327.7H125 --- Verenigde Naties: bijzondere vraagstukken --- Economic development --- Social change --- Développement économique --- Changement social --- United Nations Development Programme --- United Nations Development Programme. --- United Nations development programme --- UNDP. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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Energy efficiency plays and will continue to play an important role in the world to save energy and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, little is known on how much additional capital should be invested to ensure using energy efficiently as it should be, and very little is known which sub-areas, technologies, and countries shall achieve maximum greenhouse gas emissions mitigation per dollar of investment in energy efficiency worldwide. Analyzing completed and slowly moving energy efficiency projects by the Global Environment Facility during 1991-2010, Closing the Gap: GEF Experiences in Global Energy Efficiency evaluates impacts of multi-billion-dollar investments in the world energy efficiency. It covers the following areas: 1.       Reviewing the world energy efficiency investment and disclosing the global energy efficiency gap and market barriers that cause the gap; 2.       Leveraging private funds with public funds and other resources in energy efficiency investments; using these funds in tangible and intangible asset investments; 3.       Investment effectiveness in dollars per metric ton of CO2 emissions mitigation in 10 energy efficiency sub-areas; 4.       Major barriers causing failure and abandonments in energy efficiency investments; 5.       Quantification of direct and indirect CO2 emissions mitigations inside and outside a project boundary; and 6.       Classification and estimation of CO2 emissions mitigations from tangible and intangible asset investments. Closing the Gap: GEF Experiences in Global Energy Efficiency can serve as a handbook for policymakers, project investors and managers, and project implementation practitioners in need of benchmarks in energy efficiency project investments for decision-making. It can also be used by students, researchers and other professionals in universities and research institutions in methodology development for evaluating energy efficiency projects and programs.

Energy conservation -- Developing countries. --- Energy consumption -- Developing countries. --- Environmental protection -- International cooperation. --- Global Environment Facility. --- Energy conservation --- Energy consumption --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Energy policy --- Energy consumption. --- Energy policy. --- Economic aspects. --- Energy and state --- Power resources --- State and energy --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Government policy --- GEF --- United Nations Development Programme. --- United Nations Environment Programme. --- World Bank. --- Fonds pour l'environnement mondial --- FEM --- Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial --- FMAM --- Global Environmental Facility --- Global Environment Facility Project --- Глобальный экологический фонд --- Globalʹnyĭ ėkologicheskiĭ fond --- Fundo para o Meio Ambiente Mundial --- مرفق البيئة العالمي --- UNDP/GEF --- United Nations Development Programme/Global Environment Facility --- Engineering. --- Energy and state. --- Energy industries. --- Climate change. --- Energy Economics. --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management. --- Climate Change. --- Industrial policy --- Climatic changes. --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental aspects --- GEF (Organization) --- FEM (Organization) --- FMAM (Organization) --- UNDP/GEF (Organization) --- United Nations Development Programme --- United Nations Environment Programme --- World Bank --- Global environmental change

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The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is a publicly funded, multi-billion dollar experiment in global resource management. It was set up in 1991 under the auspices of the World Bank to fund international conventions on climate change and biodiversity. Investigating the workings of this little known aid fund, Zoe Young takes a critical look at the conflicts involved, focusing on how the GEF's agenda relates to questions of globalisation, knowledge and accountability in the United States and the World Bank. Zoe Young explains how the GEF was formed by Western governments to deflect protest against the environmental impacts of the World Bank and the IMF in the 1980s, while retaining control of the scope of the new treaties. She examines the central paradox of the GEF: although intended to promote reform and co-operation for 'global' conservation, the GEF cannot challenge damaging economic policies or powerful interest groups. Instead it has helped to put prices on nature and open up Southern resources and markets to 'global' experts and investors. As our landscapes, fertility, cultures and ecosystems are being destroyed every day, Zoe Young gives a disturbing account of the complex issues that must be addressed before the world's environment can be managed more democratically -- and effectively.

Environmental policy --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Political aspects. --- International cooperation. --- Evaluation. --- Government policy --- Global Environment Facility. --- World Bank. --- GEF (Organization) --- United Nations Development Programme. --- United Nations Environment Programme. --- Fonds pour l'environnement mondial --- FEM (Organization) --- Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial --- FMAM (Organization) --- Global Environmental Facility --- Global Environment Facility Project --- Глобальный экологический фонд --- Globalʹnyĭ ėkologicheskiĭ fond --- Fundo para o Meio Ambiente Mundial --- مرفق البيئة العالمي --- UNDP/GEF (Organization) --- United Nations Development Programme/Global Environment Facility --- United Nations Development Programme --- United Nations Environment Programme --- World Bank --- Világbank --- Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ bank dli︠a︡ rekonstrukt︠s︡ii i razvitii︠a︡ --- MBRR --- Sekai Ginkō --- Kokusai Fukkō Kaihatsu Ginkō --- Kukche Puhŭng Kaebal Ŭnhaeng --- Segye Ŭnhaeng --- IBRD --- Welt Bank --- Weltbank --- Banque mondiale --- Internationale Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung --- Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento --- Banco Mundial --- B.I.R.D. --- BIRD --- Banca Internațională pentru Reconstrucție și Dezvoltare --- Mirovoĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ bank rekonstrukt︠s︡iï i rozvytku --- Verdensbanken --- Międzynarodowy Bank Rozwoju i Odbudowy --- Bank al-Dawlī lil-Inshāʼ wa-al-Taʻmīr --- Bank al-Dawlī --- Världsbanken --- Banca ricostruzione e sviluppo --- Banca di ricostruzione e sviluppo --- BIRF --- I.B.R.D. --- B.I.R.F. --- Shih chieh yin hang --- Shi jie yin hang --- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development --- World Bank Group. World Bank --- Thanākhān Lōk --- Bank Światowy --- Viśva Baiṅka --- Lōka Băṅkuva --- Ngân hàng Thế giới --- Vsemirnyĭ Bank --- Bank Dunia --- Msopʻlio Bankis --- Banca Mondială --- BM --- Prapañca Byāṅku --- Banca mondiale --- Banca internazionale per la ricostruzione e lo sviluppo --- Dhanāgār Bibhab Lok --- البنك الدولي --- بنك الدولي --- 世界銀行 --- 世界银行 --- 国際復興開発銀行 --- Dėlkhiĭn Bank --- Дэлхийн Банк --- Hamashkharhayin Banki --- Svetska Banka --- Wereldbank --- Internationale bank voor herstel en ontwikkeling