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There are only few major key functions that lie beneath the fundamental architecture of metabolism and life. These are multiplication, variation and heredity. Only if these factors interact synergistically can Darwinian selection power the evolution of biodiversity. Transposable elements have always played a major role in this process. The genomes of all organisms consist of chromosomes that are built up of double-stranded nucleic acid chains on whose stability and integrity the existence of cells depend. While DNA repair warrants the chemical integrity of DNA and protects it from metabolic and environmental mutagens, meiotic recombination and transposable element activity appear to counteract the molecular guardians of genome stability. Transposable elements and their kind often make up the bulk of genomic DNA, often approaching 50% of the genome. By contrast, the classic genes represent as little as 1.8% of genomic DNA, in case of the human genome. This volume gives an overview on mobile DNA and how such contradiction to the obligatory stability of genomes can be understood. Obviously, an understanding can only be achieved by cutting deeply into the evolutionary history of life along with the evolution of transposable elements and dynamic genomes. This book therefore also celebrates Charles Darwin’s 200th birthday. The reader is challenged to view the role of movable DNA along historical roots from the levels of cells to populations to biological species integrating the accompanying molecular evolution of host, cell and genome interaction. One will witness even the reactivation of a long since dead, fossil transposable element and the infection of germline cells by the first established, mobile and endogenous insect retrovirus.

Genomes --Stability. --- Genomes. --- Molecular dynamics. --- Transposons. --- Transposons --- Genomes --- Molecular dynamics --- DNA Transposable Elements --- Interspersed Repetitive Sequences --- DNA --- Genome Components --- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid --- Nucleic Acids --- Base Sequence --- Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides --- Genome --- Genetic Structures --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Molecular Structure --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Genetic Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemical Phenomena --- Biochemistry --- Genetics --- Biology - General --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Stability --- Molecular genetics. --- Tn elements --- Transposable elements --- Life sciences. --- Human genetics. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Human Genetics. --- Mobile genetic elements --- Molecular biology --- Cytology. --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition

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Transposable elements are DNA sequences with the capacity to move within a genome. Although their presence and impact has long been known, the recent genome-wide analysis of many eukaryotic genomes has uncovered their major role in genome dynamics and function. The present book explains how to recognize and study transposable elements, e.g. by using state-of-the-art strategies based on new-generation sequencing. Moreover, the impact of transposable elements on plant genome structure and function is reviewed in detail and illustrated in examples and case studies. The book is intended both for readers familiar with the field and for newcomers. With large-scale sequencing becoming increasingly available, more and more people will come across transposable element sequences in their data, and this volume will hopefully help to convince them that transposable elements are not just "junk" DNA, and may actually be the most interesting and fun part of their data!

Genetic regulation -- Congresses. --- Insertion elements, DNA -- Congresses. --- Mutagens -- Congresses. --- Plant molecular genetics -- Congresses. --- Insertion elements, DNA --- Mutagens --- Plant genetic regulation --- Transposons --- Plant molecular genetics --- Interspersed Repetitive Sequences --- Genome --- DNA --- Genetic Structures --- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid --- Genome Components --- Nucleic Acids --- Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides --- Genetic Phenomena --- Base Sequence --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Phenomena and Processes --- Molecular Structure --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Chemical Phenomena --- DNA Transposable Elements --- Genome, Plant --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genetics --- Transposons. --- Plant molecular genetics. --- Tn elements --- Transposable elements --- Life sciences. --- Nucleic acids. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Plant genetics. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Cell Biology. --- Molecular genetics --- Plant genetics --- Plant molecular biology --- Mobile genetic elements --- Biochemistry. --- Cytology. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Plants --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Composition --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics

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Biomedical engineering --- Biotechnology --- Microbiology --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biotechnology. --- Microbiology. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Bioengineering. --- DNA, Recombinant. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Recombinant DNA Research --- Recombination Joint --- Genes, Spliced --- Recombinant DNA --- DNA Research, Recombinant --- Joint, Recombination --- Research, Recombinant DNA --- Spliced Genes --- Cloning, Molecular --- DNA Transposable Elements --- Genetic Engineering --- Genetic Vectors --- Genomic Library --- Gene Library --- Artificial Gene Fusion --- Engineering, Genetic --- Intervention, Genetic --- Genetic Intervention --- Genetic Interventions --- Interventions, Genetic --- DNA, Recombinant --- Industrial Microbiology --- Organisms, Genetically Modified --- Animals, Genetically Modified --- Plants, Genetically Modified --- Bio engineering --- Biological Engineering --- Bio-Engineering --- Bio engineerings --- Bioengineerings --- Engineering, Biological --- engineering, Bio --- engineerings, Bio --- Bioenginyeria --- Biotecnologia --- Bioenginyeria. --- Biotecnologia.

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DNA --- RNA --- Genetic engineering --- DNA. --- Genetic engineering. --- RNA. --- DNA, Recombinant --- Genetic Engineering --- Antisense Elements (Genetics) --- Synthesis --- Synthesis. --- chemical synthesis --- Health Sciences --- Physiology --- Deoxyribonucleic acid --- Desoxyribonucleic acid --- Thymonucleic acid --- TNA (Nucleic acid) --- ds-DNA --- DNA, Double-Stranded --- Deoxyribonucleic Acid --- DNA, Double Stranded --- Double-Stranded DNA --- ds DNA --- Ribonucleic acid --- Ribose nucleic acid --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis --- Anti-Sense Elements --- Anti-Sense Probes --- Antisense Probes --- Anti Sense Elements --- Anti Sense Probes --- Elements, Anti-Sense --- Probes, Anti-Sense --- Probes, Antisense --- Intervention, Genetic --- Genetic Intervention --- Genetic Interventions --- Interventions, Genetic --- Recombinant DNA Research --- Recombination Joint --- Genes, Spliced --- Recombinant DNA --- DNA Research, Recombinant --- Joint, Recombination --- Research, Recombinant DNA --- Spliced Genes --- Biotechnology --- Cloning, Molecular --- Industrial Microbiology --- Artificial Gene Fusion --- Organisms, Genetically Modified --- Animals, Genetically Modified --- Plants, Genetically Modified --- DNA Transposable Elements --- Genetic Vectors --- Genomic Library --- Gene Library --- Biopolymers --- Nucleic acids --- Ribose --- Genetic recombination --- Transgenic organisms --- Deoxyribose --- Genes --- DNA, Recombinant. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Antisense Elements (Genetics). --- chemical synthesis.

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This book brings together the papers published in the Special Issue "Recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of resistance in Noctuid pests" in the journal Insects in 2021. It contains 10 articles that are either original results or reviews. The focus is on insects of the noctuid family, as they are among the most devastating crop pests on the planet. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow these insects to become resistant to insecticides is essential for the implementation of sustainable control methods and resistance management strategies.

fall armyworm --- insecticide resistance --- target-site mutations --- Bt resistance --- corn strain --- rice strain --- resistance management --- Indonesia --- Kenya --- 1′S-1′-Acetoxychavicol acetate --- Alpinia galanga --- Spodoptera frugiperda --- Sf9 cells --- botanical pesticide --- Mythimna loreyi --- rice armyworm --- invasive pest --- LAMP --- diagnostic PCR --- Helicoverpa armigera --- transposable elements --- insertions sites --- insecticide resistance genes --- insect rearing --- dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory --- development --- temperature --- variability --- Bacillus thuringiensis --- Cry protein --- ATP-Binding Cassette --- ABC Transporter --- ATP switch model --- pore-forming toxin --- resistance --- genetics --- Noctuidae --- Helicoverpa --- Spodoptera --- Heliothis --- Chloridea --- Trichoplusia --- ABCC2 --- biological invasion --- Cytochrome P450 --- Fall armyworm --- cytochromes P450 --- carboxyl/cholinesterases --- glutathione S-transferases --- ATP-binding cassette transporters --- soybean looper --- reference genes --- Cry1F --- genotyping --- targeted sequencing --- resistance screen --- n/a --- 1'S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate