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Spectrum analysis --- Spectrum Analysis

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Electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, molecular spectroscopy, optics and radiation form the foundations of the field. On top of these rest the techniques applying the fundamentals (e.g. Emission Spectroscopy, Laser Induced Fluorescence, Raman Spectroscopy). This book contains the basic topics associated with optical spectroscopic techniques. About 40 major sources are distilled into one book, so researchers can read and fully comprehend specific optical spectroscopy techniques without visiting many sources.Optical diagnostics are widely used in combustion research

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The most efficient process to reduce NOx emissions from lean exhaust gases, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia, has undergone tremendous development over the past decades. Originally only applied in stationary power plants and industrial installations, SCR systems are now installed in millions of mobile diesel engines, ranging from off-road machineries, to heavy-duty and light-duty trucks and passenger cars, to locomotives and ships. All of these applications involve specific challenges due to tighter emission limits, new internal combustion engine technologies, or alternative fuels. Three review articles and 14 research articles in this book describe recent results and research trends of various aspects of the SCR process. Reaction engineering aspects, such as the proper dosage of ammonia or urea, respectively, are as important as further developments of the different SCR catalysts, by deepening the understanding of their functionality or by systematic improvements of their properties, such as low-temperature activity, selectivity, or poisoning-resistance. Another covered aspect is cost reduction through the use of cheaper base materials for the production is active and stable SCR catalysts. Finally, research efforts are reported to develop SCR processes with different reducing agents, which would open doors to new applications in the future. The range of topics addressed in this book will stimulate the reader's interest as well as provide a valuable source of information for researchers in academia and industry.

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Experimental studies carried out by a spectroscopic approach, and the techniques used for investigating the acquired information, can be given a robust modern analytical framework in the design of new materials, and for emphasis on the expansion of physical foundations of new materials. Emerging Trends in Advanced Spectroscopy may help to understand the applications of spectroscopic tools in material characterization. The text also shows how different spectroscopic methods are used by researchers worldwide, and how we can correlate the experimental observations with structural information. Technical topics discussed in the book include: * Geometries, electronic structures and vibrational spectral studies * Advanced spectroscopic techniques in polymer chemistry * Spectroscopic portrayals of graphitic structures * fluorescent metal nanoclusters as sensory probes for metal ions * colorimetric chemo sensor * Nano mixed ferrites and their applications to nanoelectronics * Solid phase astrochemistry.

Spectrum analysis.

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L’analyse élémentaire a connu des développements instrumentaux majeurs depuis les années 70. C’est tout particulièrement le cas avec la spectrométrie d’émission atomique à source plasma (ICP-OES), commercialisée pour la première fois en 1974, et qui s’est rapidement imposée en se déployant très largement dans les laboratoires de caractérisation. Bien que l’ICP-OES soit devenue une technique d’analyse de routine, les exigences de la mesure imposent une maîtrise complète du processus opératoire et du système de management de la qualité associé. L’objectif de cet ouvrage est de guider l’analyste durant tout le processus de validation de sa mesure et de l’aider à garantir la maîtrise de ses principales étapes : gestion administrative et physique des échantillons au laboratoire ; préparation et traitement de ceux-ci avant mesure ; qualification et suivi de l’appareillage ; réglages instrumentaux et stratégie d’étalonnage ; exploitation des résultats en termes de justesse, fidélité, incertitude et exactitude (avec la détermination pratique du « profil d’exactitude »). Le guide s’appuie pour cela sur la terminologie la plus actuelle et sur de nombreux exemples et illustrations destinés à faciliter la compréhension et la constitution des dossiers de validation de méthode. Cet ouvrage collectif a été constitué dans le cadre des travaux de la Commission d’ÉTAblissement des Méthodes d’Analyses du Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives. Trente-huit spécialistes de l’ICP-OES, travaillant dans des laboratoires de recherches de grands organismes (AREVA, ARKEMA, CEA, C2RMF, EDF, EURODIF, IRSN) et d’Universités (Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), y ont contribué durant plus de dix ans.

Spectrum analysis.