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Women who are dominant are more likely to have sons. Demographic studies show that more male children are born after wars, yet most people believe that their baby's sex is a matter of chance - determined by the father's sperm. Valerie Grant presents evidence that the mother's personality - which is related to female testosterone levels - can actually influence which type of sperm fertilises the egg.Using data from human and animal studies Valerie Grant discusses the implications for human evolution, developmental psychology and reproductive biology. Her claims are controversial and the imp

Sex determination, Genetic. --- Sex ratio. --- Dominance (Psychology) --- Pregnancy --- Human evolution. --- Testosterone. --- Mothers --- Androgens --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human beings --- Pregnant women --- Social hierarchy (Psychology) --- Control (Psychology) --- Social groups --- Ratio, Sex --- Ratios, Sex --- Sex ratios --- Sex (Biology) --- Chromosomal sex determination --- Determination of sex, Genetic --- Genetic determination of sex --- Genotypic sex determination --- Sex --- Sex determination, Genetic --- Gene expression --- Sex chromosomes --- Sex determination --- Psychological aspects. --- Psychology. --- Origin --- Psychology --- Cause and determination --- Human evolution --- Sex ratio --- Testosterone --- Psychological aspects --- Dominance (Psychology). --- Genetic sex determination

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Rodent Societies synthesizes and integrates the current state of knowledge about the social behavior of rodents, providing ecological and evolutionary contexts for understanding their societies and highlighting emerging conservation and management strategies to preserve them. It begins with a summary of the evolution, phylogeny, and biogeography of social and nonsocial rodents, providing a historical basis for comparative analyses. Subsequent sections focus on group-living rodents and characterize their reproductive behaviors, life histories and population ecology, genetics, neuroendocrine mechanisms, behavioral development, cognitive processes, communication mechanisms, cooperative and uncooperative behaviors, antipredator strategies, comparative socioecology, diseases, and conservation. Using the highly diverse and well-studied Rodentia as model systems to integrate a variety of research approaches and evolutionary theory into a unifying framework, Rodent Societies will appeal to a wide range of disciplines, both as a compendium of current research and as a stimulus for future collaborative and interdisciplinary investigations.

Rodents --- Social behavior in animals. --- Animal societies. --- Social behavior in animals --- Animal behavior --- Animal societies --- Rodentia --- Mammals --- Ecology. --- Evolution. --- social behaviour --- rodents, social behavior, ecology, conservation, population management, environment, nonfiction, science, nature, biogeography, reproduction, diseases, socioecology, antipredator strategies, predation, cooperation, communication, cognition, behavioral development, neuroendocrine mechanisms, genetics, biology, evolution, mating, sexual selection, breeding, tree squirrels, stress, dimorphism, sex ratio, kin recognition, adaptation, foraging, blind mole rats, beaver, prairie dogs, infanticide, capybaras.

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"Since the 18th century, one phenomenon, the proportion of the sexes at birth among human beings, has contributed to various developments such as the calculus of probabilities, administrative statistics, the moral and social sciences, the statistics of variability, post-Darwinian biology and Durkheimian sociology. This fact is brought to the critical attention of readers who rarely work together -- mathematicians, biologists, historians, social scientists and historians of the sciences -- along a three centuries European journey, meeting Süssmilch, Condorcet, Laplace, Fourier, Girou de Buzareingues, Poisson, Quetelet, Darwin, Düsing, Gini, Halbwachs or Fisher." "After a deconstruction of the past and present conditions of scientific understanding of human sex-ratio at birth, the authors are proposing a reconstruction of the dynamics of the phenomenon based on stochastics. This is an attempt in renewing our links with the oldest traditions of scholarly thinking, but too a kind of "well-tempered" reflexivity in today’s work of objectivization." "Appendixes get to the reader the first expression of a trend of the sex ratio at birth to adjust towards balance between the sexes by Condorcet in 1793-1794 ; a comparison of passages that Darwin devoted in 1871 and 1874 to similar issues ; and a sociological attempt of Halbwachs published in 1933.".

Sex ratio --- Demography. --- Research --- History. --- Mathematical models. --- Historical demography --- Social sciences --- Population --- Vital statistics --- Ratio, Sex --- Ratios, Sex --- Sex ratios --- Sex (Biology) --- Social sciences. --- Developmental psychology. --- Distribution (Probability theory. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Sociology, general. --- Gender Studies. --- History of Science. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Methodology of the Social Sciences. --- Methodology. --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Probabilities --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Development (Psychology) --- Developmental psychobiology --- Psychology --- Life cycle, Human --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Sociology. --- Sex (Psychology). --- Gender expression. --- Probabilities. --- Expression, Gender --- Sex (Psychology) --- Sex role --- Social theory --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Mathematics --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- Psychology, Sexual --- Sex --- Sexual behavior, Psychology of --- Sexual psychology --- Sensuality --- Psychological aspects

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This book is a Special Issue on "Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology". It contains 1 editorial, 19 research papers and 2 review papers. The contributors come from 23 different countries around the world.

Insects (entomology) --- Aspergillus flavus --- aflatoxin B1 --- maize flour --- Tribolium castaneum --- food safety --- Cysteochila lineata --- DNA barcoding --- Neoplerochila paliatseasi --- Olea europaea --- Plerochila australis --- Acyrthosiphon pisum --- Therioaphis trifolii --- Aphis craccivora --- Coccinella septempunctata --- Hippodamia variegata --- population dynamics --- numerical responses --- molecular markers --- Pseudococcus --- Maconellicoccus hirsutus --- mealybug --- cacao --- Badnavirus --- virus vector --- Florida --- anthranilic diamide --- concrete surface --- insect --- mite --- pests --- Alientoma --- alien species --- invasive species --- citizen science --- public engagement --- Greece --- Drosophila melanogaster --- Drosophila subobscura --- egg-to-adult viability --- developmental time --- microbiota diversity --- lead exposure --- adaptation --- Anoplura --- Echinophthiriidae --- extreme environments --- distribution --- range --- dispersal --- South Siberia --- dynamics --- population --- plant protection --- outbreak --- Italian locust --- Corythucha ciliata --- mtDNA --- COI fragment length --- population genetics --- phylogeny --- invasive insect --- D. subobscura --- desiccation resistance --- starvation resistance --- chill coma recovery time --- heat knock-down resistance --- global warming --- life history --- laboratory evolution --- D. obscura --- Cyt b gene --- viability --- sex-ratio --- intra-population variation --- Chamaemyiidae --- Margarodidae --- voltinism --- egg development --- micromulsion --- postharvest pest --- grain coating --- essential oil --- stored-product pest --- taxonomy --- taxonomic impediment --- Aphidiinae --- parasitoids --- omnivorous predator --- Nesidiocoris tenuis --- Dicyphus cerastii --- plant damage --- zoophytophagy --- fruit injury --- protected crops --- biological control --- tomato --- honey bee --- microsatellite --- genetic diversity --- Bursaphelenchus spp. --- national survey program --- nematodes --- conifers --- wheat aphids --- thermal traits --- critical thermal maxima --- chronic temperature tolerance --- aphid endosymbionts --- bacterial gene abundance --- Ceratitis capitata --- Asaia --- Symbiotic Control --- termite systematic --- morphological traits --- morphometric measurements --- n/a