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A fresh look at Acts of the Apostles and its depiction of Jewish identity within the larger Roman era When considering Jewish identity in Acts of the Apostles, scholars have often emphasized Jewish and Christian religious difference, an emphasis that masks the intersections of civic, ethnic, and religious identifications in antiquity. Christopher Stroup’s innovative work explores the depiction of Jewish and Christian identity by analyzing ethnicity within a broader material and epigraphic context. Examining Acts through a new lens, he shows that the text presents Jews and Jewish identity in multiple, complex ways, in order to legitimate the Jewishness of Christians.

Jews in the New Testament. --- Church history --- Jews --- Identity --- Biblical teaching. --- Bible. --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- Römisches Reich

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Sigismund, --- Zygmunt Luksemburski, --- Siegmund, --- Sigmund, --- Zsigmond, --- Zikmund Lucemburský, --- Žigmund Luxemburský, --- Holy Roman Empire --- Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation --- Heiliges Römisches Reich --- Svi︠a︡shchennai︠a︡ Rimskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Imperium Romano Germanicum --- S.R.I. --- Sacrum Romanum Imperium --- Austria --- Germany --- History

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Why did enduring traditions of economic and political liberty emerge in Western Europe and not elsewhere? Representative democracy, constitutionalism, and the rule of law are crucial for establishing a just and prosperous society, which we usually treat as the fruits of the Renaissance and Enlightenment, as Western European societies put the Dark Ages behind them. In The Medieval Constitution of Liberty, Salter and Young point instead to the constitutional order that characterized the High Middle Ages. They provide a historical account of how this constitutional order evolved following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. This account runs from the settlements of militarized Germanic elites within the imperial frontiers, to the host of successor kingdoms in the sixth and seventh centuries, and through the short-lived Carolingian empire of the late eighth and ninth centuries and the so-called "feudal anarchy" that followed its demise. Given this unique historical backdrop, Salter and Young consider the resulting structures of political property rights. They argue that the historical reality approximated a constitutional ideal type, which they term polycentric sovereignty. Salter and Young provide a theoretical analysis of polycentric sovereignty, arguing that bargains between political property rights holders within that sort of constitutional order will lead to improvements in governance

Liberalism --- Nation-state --- Constitutional history --- History. --- Europe --- Europe. --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Heiliges Römisches Reich --- Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation --- Imperium Romano Germanicum --- S.R.I. --- Sacrum Romanum Imperium --- Svi͡ashchennai͡a Rimskai͡a Imperii͡ --- Austria --- Germany --- Liberty --- Politics and government

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During the reign of Maximilian I, relations between the Holy Roman Empire and France were marked by conflict. The peace treaties of this era testify to complex processes of negotiation. The texts and their attendant circumstances shed light on emerging practices and ideas related to the establishment of norms and obligations during the period between the Middle Ages and Early Modernity. In der vorliegenden Studie werden Friedensverträge als funktionale Elemente spätmittelalterlicher Verfassungs- Völkerrechts- und Diplomatiegeschichte neu beleuchtet. Die konfliktreiche, deutsch-französische Vertragsdiplomatie zu Zeiten Maximilians I. (1459 – 1519) wird als facettenreiche, kulturell gebundene Rechtsform begriffen, die entstehende gemeinsame Standards als Ergebnis von Prozessen innerhalb sozialer Ordnungen erklärt. Friedensverträge stellen dabei die textliche Visualisierung von konstitutionellem Transfer und transnationaler Verflechtung dar. Gesandtenberichte, Instruktionen und Vertragsentwürfe liefern dazu die erklärenden Kontexte: Sie identifizieren handlungstragende Akteure und erhellen Probleme akribischer Vertragstextgestaltung. Entstehendes Völkerrecht wird damit als ein Feld der Praxis und der Aushandlung betrachtet und erforscht.

Diplomatie. --- Friedensvertrag. --- Holy Roman Empire. --- Maximiliam I. --- Maximilian I. --- Peace treaty. --- Reichsreform. --- diplomacy. --- HISTORY / Europe / Western. --- Holy Roman Empire --- Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation --- Heiliges Römisches Reich --- Svi︠a︡shchennai︠a︡ Rimskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Imperium Romano Germanicum --- S.R.I. --- Sacrum Romanum Imperium --- Austria --- Germany --- History --- Foreign relations --- Saint Empire romain --- Saint Empire romain germanique --- Allemagne --- Treaties --- Histoire --- Relations extérieures --- Traités

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This is a study of the religious controversy that broke out with Martin Luther, from the vantage of church property. The controversy eventually produced a Holy Roman Empire of two churches. This is not an economic history. Rather, the book shows how acceptance of confiscation was won, and how theological advice was essential to the success of what is sometimes called a crucial if early stage of confessional state-building. It reviews the character of sacred property in the late Middle Ages, surveys confiscations in Reformation Germany on illustrative examples, summarizes the League of Schmalkalden's defense of confiscations, systematically studies theological memoranda that shaped a common policy in the League, and shows the role of that common position in religious politics.

Christian church history --- anno 1500-1599 --- Germany --- Biens ecclésiastiques --- Church property --- Hervorming (Luther, e.a.) --- Kerkelijk eigendom --- Kerkelijke goederen --- Propriété ecclésiastique --- Reformatie --- Reformation --- Réforme (Luther e.a.) --- Reformation. --- Church property. --- 284.1 <43> "15" --- Property, Church --- Church polity --- Property --- Protestant Reformation --- Church history --- Counter-Reformation --- Protestantism --- Lutheraanse hervorming. Reformatie van Luther--Duitsland --"15" --- History --- Luther, Martin --- Luther, Martin, --- Holy Roman Empire --- 16th century --- Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation --- Heiliges Römisches Reich --- Svi︠a︡shchennai︠a︡ Rimskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Imperium Romano Germanicum --- S.R.I. --- Sacrum Romanum Imperium --- Austria