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In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the daily requirements, dietary sources and symptoms of deficiency relating to vitamins A and E. Topics discussed include clinical use studies, medicinal and dietary aspects, and the dietary sources and health consequences of vitamins A and E. Other topics include indigenous vegetables as an excellent source of vitamin A; dietary vitamin E intake by older Japanese adults; vitamin A and other biochemical markers in obese patients with biliopancreatic bypass; and the role of vitamin E in dementia.

Vitamin A. --- Vitamin E. --- Tocopherol --- Isopentenoids --- Vitamins, Fat-soluble --- Retinol --- Carotenes --- Retinoids --- Beta carotene --- Retinal (Visual pigment)

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This book is the most up-to-date research on vitamin A. It is designed for scientists and researchers to deepen their knowledge in this critical knowledge field, and it is a solid resource that brings together multidisciplinary research, development and innovation for a varied analysis of vitamin A.

Vitamin A. --- Retinol --- Carotenes --- Retinoids --- Vitamins, Fat-soluble --- Beta carotene --- Retinal (Visual pigment) --- Life Sciences --- Vitaminology --- Genetics and Molecular Biology --- Alimentology --- Biochemistry

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This book shows how vitamin A deficiency before the vitamin was known to scientists affected millions of people throughout history. It is a story of sailors and soldiers, penniless mothers, orphaned infants, and young children left susceptible to blindness and fatal infections. We also glimpse the fortunate ones who, with ample vitamin A-rich food, escaped this elusive stalker. Why were people going blind and dying? To unravel this puzzle, scientists around the world competed over the course of a century. Their persistent efforts led to the identification of vitamin A and its essential role in health. As a primary focus of today's international public health efforts, vitamin A has saved hundreds of thousands of lives. But, we discover, they could save many more were it not for obstacles erected by political and ideological zealots who lack a historical perspective of the problem.

Vitamin A deficiency --- Vitamin A --- Retinol --- Carotenes --- Retinoids --- Vitamins, Fat-soluble --- Beta carotene --- Retinal (Visual pigment) --- Avitaminosis --- History. --- Health Sciences --- Physiology --- Vitamin A Deficiency--history. --- History, 19th Century. --- Night Blindness --- history --- therapeutic use --- Nutrition --- Ophthalmology --- Biochemistry --- History of Medicine --- Pediatrics --- Public Health --- Vitamins

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The role of vitamin A in living organisms has been known throughout human history. In the last 100 years, the biochemical nature of vitamin A and its active derivative, retinoic acid, its physiological impact on growth processes, and the essential details of its mechanism of action have been revealed by investigations carried out by researchers using vertebrate and more recently invertebrate models to study a multiplicity of processes and conditions, encompassing embryogenesis, postnatal development to old age. A wealth of intercellular interactions, intracellular signaling systems, and molecular mechanisms have been described and the overall conclusion is that retinoic acid is essential for life. This book series, with chapters authored by experts in every aspect of this complex field, unifies the knowledge base and mechanisms currently known in detailed, engaging, well-illustrated, focused chapters that synthesize information for each specific area. In view of the recent information explosion in this field, it is timely to publish a contemporary, comprehensive, book series recapitulating the most exciting developments in the field and covering fundamental research in molecular mechanisms of vitamin A action, its role in physiology, development, and continued well-being, and the potential of vitamin A derivatives and synthetic mimetics to serve as therapeutic treatments for cancers and other debilitating human diseases. Volume II is divided into nine chapters contributed by prominent experts in their respective fields. Each chapter starts with the history of the area of research. Then, the key findings that contributed to development of the field are described, followed by a detailed look at key findings and progress that are being made in current, ongoing research. Each chapter is concluded with a discussion of the relevance of the research and a perspective on missing pieces and lingering gaps that the author recommends will be important in defining future directions in vitamin A research.

Medicine. --- Gene expression. --- Nutrition. --- Biochemistry. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Proteins. --- Systems biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Gene Expression. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Protein Science. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Systems Biology. --- Retinoids. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Vitamin A analogs --- Vitamin A congeners --- Vitamin A derivatives --- Composition --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Carotenoids --- Diterpenes --- Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein --- Biological models. --- Models, Biological --- Alimentation --- Food --- Nutrition --- Health --- Physiology --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Health aspects --- Expression --- Proteins . --- Nutrition   . --- Computational biology --- Bioinformatics --- Biological systems --- Molecular biology --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics

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Carotenoids are a group of approximately 600 compounds synthesized by photosynthetic organisms. These pigments are abundant in fruits and vegetables, as well as in certain animal products such as eggs and salmon, being responsible for their colorful appearance. The bioactive properties of certain carotenoids in human health are clear, as some of these compounds have antioxidant properties and serve as the only precursors of vitamin A in nature. The aim of this Special Issue entitled “Carotenoids and Human Health” is to provide the scientific community with an updated perspective of this exciting and growing research area. We compiled 19 papers from some of the most prominent scientists in the carotenoid field, including seven literature reviews and 12 original publication, covering topics such as cancer, obesity, vision, cognitive function, and skin health.

membrane transporters --- RAR --- browning --- astaxanthin --- Vitamin A --- case-control study --- ?-carotene --- transcriptomic analysis --- new-born --- carotenes --- cancer-related cognitive impairment --- androgen --- beta-carotene --- eicosapentanoic acid --- mango by-products --- mangiferin --- cell culture --- chronic disease --- Akkermansia --- animal --- intestine --- carotenoids --- alcoholic fatty liver disease --- Phaeodactylum tricornutum --- carotenoid --- tomato --- colourless carotenoids --- preterm mothers --- inflammation --- ?-Cryptoxanthin --- adipocytes --- vitamin A --- gastric cancer --- food ingredients --- brain --- gut microbiota --- zeaxanthin --- nutricosmetics --- brown adipose tissue --- bioactive compounds --- breastfeeding --- aging --- oxidative stress --- retinoids --- phytofluene --- glaucoma --- H. pylori --- retinoid --- tomato extract --- retinol --- ?-cryptoxanthin --- microalgae --- fucoxanthin --- obesity --- macular pigment --- carotene --- photoprotection --- adipose tissue --- lutein --- metabolic syndrome --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- functional foods --- beta-cryptoxanthin --- retinoic acid --- nutrition --- lycopene --- bioavailability --- nutraceuticals --- adipocyte --- ?-tocopherol --- phytoene --- memory --- cosmeceuticals --- antioxidants --- mature milk --- RXR --- fat reduction --- xanthophylls --- colostrum --- smoking --- overweight --- provitamin A --- public health --- Korea --- ?-carotene oxygenase 1 --- cognition --- full-term mothers --- hippocampus --- alpha-carotene --- prostate cancer --- hypertension