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Effective evacuation of people from closed spaces is an extremely important topic, since it can save real lives in emergency situations that can be brought about by natural and human made disasters. Usually there are static maps posted at various places at buildings that illustrate routes that should be taken during emergencies. However, when disasters happen, some of these routes might not be valid because of structural problems due to the disaster itself and more importantly because of the distribution of congestion of people spread over the area. The average flow of traffic depends on the traffic density. Therefore, if all the people follow the same route, or follow a route without knowing the congestion situation, they can end up being part of the congestion which results in very low flow rate or worse a traffic jam. Hence it becomes extremely important to design evacuations that inform people how fast and in which direction to move based on real-time information obtained about the people distribution using various sensors. The sensors used can include cameras, infra red sensors etc., and the technology used to inform people about the desired movement can be communicated using light matrix, small speakers, and in the future using wireless PDAs. This book provides mathematical models of pedestrian movements that can be used specifically for designing feedback control laws for effective evacuation. The book also provides various feedback control laws to accomplish the effective evacuation. The book uses the hydrodynamic hyperbolic PDE macroscopic pedestrian models since they are amenable to feedback control design. The control designs are obtained through different nonlinear techniques including Lyapunov functional techniques, feedback linearization in the distributed model, and some discretized techniques.

Buildings --- Feedback control systems --- Crowd control --- Pedestrian areas --- Systèmes à réaction --- Evacuation --- Mathematical models --- Planning --- Buildings. --- Civil Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Rassemblements --- Maîtrise --- Feedback control systems. --- Crowd control. --- Mathematical models. --- Planning. --- Edifices --- Halls --- Structures --- Feedback mechanisms --- Feedback systems --- Malls, Pedestrian --- Malls, Transit --- Pedestrian facilities --- Pedestrian malls --- Pedestrian zones --- Streets for people --- Traffic free zones --- Transit malls --- Engineering. --- Game theory. --- Thermodynamics. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Vibration. --- Dynamics. --- Control engineering. --- Robotics. --- Mechatronics. --- Vibration, Dynamical Systems, Control. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Control, Robotics, Mechatronics. --- Game Theory, Economics, Social and Behav. Sciences. --- Mechanical engineering --- Microelectronics --- Microelectromechanical systems --- Automation --- Machine theory --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Programmable controllers --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Cycles --- Sound --- Mathematical statistics --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Games, Theory of --- Theory of games --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Statistical methods --- Traffic engineering --- Social control --- Automatic control --- Discrete-time systems --- Adaptive control systems --- Feedforward control systems --- Architecture --- Mathematics. --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Math --- Science --- Pedestrian traffic flow --- Audible pedestrian traffic signals. --- Pedestrian traffic signals, Audible --- Traffic signals, Audible pedestrian --- Traffic signs and signals --- Pedestrians --- Traffic flow --- Built environment