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pr. titel: Les Becquerel : une dynastie de scientifiques

Becquerel, Henri Antoine --- Becquerel (familie) --- Fysica --- Geschiedenis --- Radioactiviteit --- 5 <092> --- 539.16 <09> --- #GGSB: Wetenschap --- 001 wetenschappen --- 929 biografieën --- 53 fysica --- Becquerel --- becquerel --- elektrochemie --- magnetisme --- radioactieve straling --- radioactiviteit --- 5 <092> Wiskunde. Natuurwetenschappen--Biografieën --- Wiskunde. Natuurwetenschappen--Biografieën --- 539.16 <09> Radioactivity. Radioactive decay--Geschiedenis van ... --- Radioactivity. Radioactive decay--Geschiedenis van ... --- Becquerel, Antoine Henri --- Geneeskunde --- Techniek (wetenschap) --- Atlas --- Museum --- Wetenschap

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CP violation was first observed in 1964, but only in 1999 did we gain much greater experimental insight. Direct CP violation finally appeared in the form of e'/e in the K system. Indirect CP violation in B ? J/ ? K s decay, the raison d'être for construction of e + e - B factories, was first sniffed out at the proton-antiproton collider. The asymmetric B factories - BABAR at SLAC and BELLE at KEK - were completed, while the symmetric B factory at Cornell was upgraded to CLEO-III. It seems that everyone is positioning himself for the great competition on "B Physics and CP Violation", racing to

CP violation (Nuclear physics) --- Beta decay --- Meson factories --- B facilities (Nuclear physics) --- B factories (Nuclear physics) --- Facilities, Meson --- Factories, Meson --- Meson facilities --- Linear accelerators --- Beta disintegration --- Beta rays --- Decay, Beta --- Radioactive decay --- Decay

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We entrust readers with thirty fragments of reflections, meditations, recollections, and images — one for each year that has passed since the explosion that rocked and destroyed a part of the Chernobyl nuclear power station in April 1986. The aesthetic visions, thoughts, and experiences that have made their way into this book hover in a grey region between the singular and self-enclosed, on the one hand, and the generally applicable and universal, on the other. Through words and images, we wish to contribute our humble share to a collaborative grappling with the event of Chernobyl. Unthinkable and unrepresentable as it is, we insist on the need to reflect upon, signify, and symbolize it, taking stock of the consciousness it fragmented and, perhaps, cultivating another, more environmentally attuned way of living.

Plants (Philosophy) --- Environmental ethics. --- Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986. --- Chernobyl Accident, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986 --- Chernobyl Disaster, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986 --- Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986 --- Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident, Chornobylʹ, Ukraine, 1986 --- Nuclear power plants --- Environmental quality --- Human ecology --- Ethics --- Philosophy --- Accidents --- Moral and ethical aspects --- chernobyl --- images --- recollections --- nuclear radiation --- meditations --- photograms --- reflections --- Anapa --- Cotton paper --- Metaphysics --- Radioactive decay --- Ukraine

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Neutrinos continue to be the most mysterious and, arguably, the most fascinating particles of the Standard Model as their intrinsic properties such as absolute mass scale and CP properties are unknown. The open question of the absolute neutrino mass scale will be addressed with unprecedented accuracy by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, currently under construction.  This thesis focusses on the spectrometer part of KATRIN and background processes therein. Various background sources such as small Penning traps, as well as nuclear decays from single radon atoms are fully characterized here for the first time. Most importantly, however, it was possible to reduce the background in the spectrometer by more than five orders of magnitude by eliminating Penning traps and by developing a completely new background reduction method by stochastically heating trapped electrons using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR).  The work beautifully demonstrates that the obstacles and challenges in measuring the absolute mass scale of neutrinos can be met successfully if novel experimental tools (ECR) and novel computing methods (KASSIOPEIA) are combined to allow almost background-free tritium ß-spectroscopy.

Neutrinos --- Beta decay. --- Measurement. --- Beta disintegration --- Beta rays --- Decay, Beta --- Neutret --- Decay --- Physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Particle acceleration. --- Physical measurements. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Numerical and Computational Physics. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Radioactive decay --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Neutrons --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Acceleration --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics

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This thesis presents a study of the scalar sector in the standard model (SM), as well as various searches for an extended scalar sector in theories beyond the SM (BSM). The first part of the thesis details the search for an SM Higgs boson decaying to taus, and produced by gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, or associated production with a vector boson, leading to evidence for decays of the Higgs boson to taus. In turn, the second part highlights several searches for an extended scalar sector, with scalar boson decays to taus. In all of the analyses presented, at least one scalar boson decays to a pair of taus. The results draw on data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector during proton–proton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 7 or 8 TeV.

Physics. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Decay schemes (Radioactivity) --- Scalar field theory. --- Bosons. --- Bose-Einstein particles --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Interacting boson-fermion models --- Interacting boson models --- Scalar fields --- Scalars (Mathematics) --- Calculus of tensors --- Mathematical physics --- Energy levels (Quantum mechanics) --- Radioactive decay --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Mathematics