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This unique book is a practical guide for the clinician faced with the challenge of diagnosing and managing neonates, infants and children with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI), within the framework of pathophysiology and molecular genetics. Major advances have been made in HI research over the past two decades, and with this better understanding of the molecular genetics of HI, a “personalized” approach to management according to the type of hyperinsulinism, and particularly according to the likelihood of focal hyperinsulinism, is starting to emerge. The opening chapter discusses HI diagnosis using biochemical approaches and phenotype characterization. The various forms of HI are then presented in detail in three main categories: diazoxide-responsive, diazoxide-unresponsive and syndromic HI. Both medical and surgical management strategies are then discussed, covering imaging, histology, surgical approach, and post-operative management. Complications, such as feeding problems, and long-term outcomes, such as neurodevelopmental issues, are carefully considered in the final chapter. Practical and user-friendly, Congenital Hyperinsulinism is the go-to resource for pediatric endocrinologists, residents and fellows, general pediatricians and neonatologists.

Endocrinology. --- Pediatrics. --- Insulin --- Secretion. --- Hormones --- Hypoglycemic agents --- Pancreas --- Proinsulin --- Secretions --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Medicine --- Children --- Internal medicine --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Endocrinology .

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More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. In addition, between 17 and 40 million people have insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, or the cluster of abnormalities referred to variably as the metabolic syndrome, the dysmetabolic syndrome, syndrome X, or the insulin resistance syndrome. In all of these disorders, a central component of the pathophysiology is insulin resistance, i.e., reduced responsiveness to insulin in tissues such as muscle, fat and liver. Insulin resistance is also closely linked to other common health problems, including obesity, polycystic ovarian disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In this book, we will attempt to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. We explore insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems. The book will be appealing to basic and clinical scientists.

Insulin --- Physiological effect. --- Hormones --- Hypoglycemic agents --- Pancreas --- Proinsulin --- Secretions --- Endocrinology. --- Cytology. --- Diabetes. --- Cardiology. --- Cell Biology. --- Heart --- Internal medicine --- Brittle diabetes --- Diabetes mellitus --- IDDM (Disease) --- Insulin-dependent diabetes --- Ketosis prone diabetes --- Type 1 diabetes --- Carbohydrate intolerance --- Endocrine glands --- Diabetic acidosis --- Glycosylated hemoglobin --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Diseases --- Endocrinology . --- Cell biology.

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Diabetes Mellitus, a syndrome of disordered metabolism, characterised by abnormal elevation in blood glucose level, has become a life-threatening condition for many people. Current means of therapy for Diabetes Mellitus do not mimic the normal physiological pattern of insulin release. Oral delivery is the preferred route of administration due to its non-invasive nature. Oral delivery of insulin presents an overview of Diabetes Mellitus, and discusses the strategies and techniques adopted for oral delivery of insulin. This title begins with an introductory chapter on symptoms, complications and

Drug Therapy --- Drug Administration Routes --- Proinsulin --- Pancreatic Hormones --- Therapeutics --- Peptide Hormones --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Hormones --- Peptides --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Insulin --- Drug Delivery Systems --- Administration, Oral --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Clinical Endocrinology --- Diabetes --- Therapeutic use --- Administration. --- Oral therapy. --- Oral medication

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Neurons share more similarities with insulin-producing pancreatic islet cells than with any other cell type. The root of this similarity may lie in the islet’s evolution from an ancestral insulin-producing neuron. The islet-neuron connection becomes less surprising as we learn more about insulin’s involvement in functions far from its traditional role in mediating glucose uptake in muscle. The importance of insulin in the regulation of corporal aging has been established by the dramatic increases in longevity experienced by animals in which the adipose insulin receptor has been genetically eliminated, or in which the insulin-related daf genes have been mutated. New research suggests that, analogous to its influence on corporal aging, insulin also makes important contributions to brain aging and the expression of late-life neurodegenerative disease. Insulin plays a key role in cognition and other aspects of normal brain function. Insulin resistance induces chronic peripheral insulin elevations and is associated with reduced insulin activity both in periphery and brain. The insulin resistance syndrome underlies conditions such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which are associated with age-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. This book discusses the mechanisms through which insulin dysregulation contributes to the development of cognitive impairment and late-life neurodegenerative disease. Given the recent pandemic of conditions associated with insulin resistance, it is imperative that we achieve a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms through which insulin resistance affects brain function in order to develop therapeutic strategies to address these effects.

Aged -- Congresses. --- Alzheimer's disease -- Endocrine aspects -- Congresses. --- Diabetes -- Complications -- Congresses. --- Insulin -- physiology -- Congresses. --- Adult --- Diabetes Mellitus --- Dementia --- Publication Formats --- Proinsulin --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Tauopathies --- Alzheimer Disease --- Insulin --- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 --- Aged --- Physiology --- Congresses --- Glucose Metabolism Disorders --- Publication Characteristics --- Pancreatic Hormones --- Neurodegenerative Diseases --- Age Groups --- Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders --- Brain Diseases --- Endocrine System Diseases --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Metabolic Diseases --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Peptide Hormones --- Nervous System Diseases --- Mental Disorders --- Diseases --- Persons --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Named Groups --- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases --- Hormones --- Peptides --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Medicine --- Neurology --- Clinical Endocrinology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Diabetes --- Alzheimer's disease. --- Treatment. --- Alzheimer disease --- Alzheimer's dementia --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Endocrinology. --- Geriatrics. --- Biomedicine. --- Geriatrics/Gerontology. --- Basal ganglia --- Presenile dementia --- Senile dementia

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In Diabetes & C-Peptide: Scientific and Clinical Aspects, a renowned group of leading researchers and physicians offers a comprehensive overview of the role of C-Peptide in type 1 diabetes. The book is organized in five sections. An Introductory section provides the background and key features of C-peptide’s physiological function and how its deficiency contributes to complications. The second section describes up-to-date information on the biochemical and molecular actions of C-peptide, including membrane binding, interactions with insulin as well as the interaction between C-peptide and zinc and effects on microvascular vasoreactivity. The third section summarizes in vivo animal studies of the type 1 diabetic complications. The fourth section reviews the clinical efforts of C-peptide on inflammation, cardiovascular complication, neuropathy and nephropathy. Finally, in the Conclusions section, a summary of the present state of C-peptide, outstanding questions, and the likely direction of the field are offered. Developed by the foremost investigators in the rapidly moving field of C-peptide research, Diabetes & C-Peptide: Scientific and Clinical Aspects is an important contribution to the literature for all researchers and physicians concerned about type 1 diabetes.

C-peptide. --- Diabetes. --- Diabetes -- Complications. --- Diabetes --- C-peptide --- Diabetes Mellitus --- Proinsulin --- Therapeutics --- Autoimmune Diseases --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Immune System Diseases --- Pancreatic Hormones --- Endocrine System Diseases --- Glucose Metabolism Disorders --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Peptide Hormones --- Diseases --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Metabolic Diseases --- Peptides --- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases --- Hormones --- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Physiology --- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 --- Drug Therapy --- C-Peptide --- Diabetes Complications --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Clinical Endocrinology --- Complications --- Brittle diabetes --- Diabetes mellitus --- IDDM (Disease) --- Insulin-dependent diabetes --- Ketosis prone diabetes --- Type 1 diabetes --- Connecting peptide --- Medicine. --- Internal medicine. --- Endocrinology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Internal Medicine. --- Carbohydrate intolerance --- Endocrine glands --- Diabetic acidosis --- Glycosylated hemoglobin --- Medicine, Internal --- Internal medicine --- Endocrinology .