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Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition of trees has been studied for many decades, but has largely been focused on inorganic nutrient uptake and leaf level nutrient contents. In recent years it became obvious that N and P cycling at the ecosystem level is of vital importance for tree nutrition and that organic N uptake by trees is an essential part of ecosystem N cycling; in particular on N and/or P poor soils, and in cooler climates. The significance of organic P uptake by trees is still a matter of debate, especially under field conditions. The overlay of climate change on ecosystem N and P cycling has become an important issue of forest research. This overlay raises questions around competition for N and P among structural elements (overstorey vs. undestorey), as well as among dominant species. Many nutritionally related aspects of changing climates, such as effects on rhizosphere and phyllosphere, remain seriously under-studied. The central aim of this Special Issue is to provide new insights into some of these topics at the tree, and the ecosystem level.

Plants --- Effect of nitrogen on. --- Plants, Effect of nitrogen on --- Nitrogen --- Physiological effect --- Effect of chemicals on

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This book provides a unique overview of research methods over the past 25 years assessing critical loads and temporal effects of the deposition of air pollutants. It includes critical load methods and applications addressing acidification, eutrophication and heavy metal pollution of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Applications include examples for each air pollution threat, both at local and regional scale, including Europe, Asia, Canada and the US. The book starts with background information on the effects of the deposition of sulphur, nitrogen and heavy metals and geochemical and biological indicators for risk assessments. The use of those indicators is then illustrated in the assessment of critical loads and their exceedances and in the temporal assessment of air pollution risks. It also includes the most recent developments of assessing critical loads and current and future risks of soil and water chemistry and biodiversity under climate change, with a special focus on nitrogen. The book thus provides a complete overview of the knowledge that is currently used for the scientific support of policies in the field of air pollution control to protect ecosystem services.

Environment. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Environmental Chemistry. --- Math. Appl. in Environmental Science. --- Biogeosciences. --- Environmental sciences. --- Life sciences. --- Environmental chemistry. --- Environmental protection. --- Sciences de l'environnement --- Sciences de la vie --- Chimie de l'environnement --- Environnement --- Protection --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Nitrogen --- Acid deposition --- Heavy metals --- Nitrogen cycles. --- Biotic communities. --- Plants --- Aquatic ecology. --- Environmental aspects. --- Effect of nitrogen on. --- Effect of acid precipitation on. --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Plants, Effect of acid precipitation on --- Plants, Effect of nitrogen on --- Geobiology. --- Air pollution. --- Aquatic biology --- Ecology --- Acid precipitation (Meteorology) --- Population biology --- Group 15 elements --- Nonmetals --- Physiological effect --- Effect of chemicals on --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Environmental science --- Science --- Chemistry, Environmental --- Chemistry --- Biology --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere --- Air --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Pollution --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Control