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Packed bed columns are largely employed for absorption, desorption, rectification and direct heat transfer processes in chemical and food industry, environmental protection and also processes in thermal power stations like water purification, flue gas heat utilization and SO2 removal.These Separation processes, are estimated to account for 40%-70% of capital and operating costs in process industry. Packed bed columns are widely employed in this area. Their usage also for direct heat transfer between gas and liquid, enlarge their importance. They are the best apparatuses, from thermodynamic

Packed towers. --- Mass transfer.

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Extraction (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Technical --- Diffusion --- Packed towers --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry)

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"Intensification of Sorption Processes: Active and Passive Mechanisms introduces a number of selected, advanced topics in sorption processes/process intensification, covering both theoretical and applicable aspects. The first part of the book is devoted to the study of sorption processes based on active mechanisms, including ultrasonic, microwave, high-gravity, electrical and magnetic fields, while the second part covers passive mechanisms like nanostructures and nanofluids, membrane, supercritical fluids and sorption processes based on geometry design and equipment structure. The focus of the book is on key aspects of novel process intensification technologies (processes and equipment), i.e., absorption and adsorption, working principles, and design and applications."--

Absorption. --- Adsorption. --- Separation (Technology) --- Surface chemistry --- Sorption --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Packed towers

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Bioanalysis of endogenous substances, metabolites, and contaminants poisons is important in analyses of biological functions, metabolomics, forensic toxicology, patient diagnosis and biomonitoring of human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In these analyses, methods of sample preparation are essential for the isolation and concentration of target analytes from complex biological matrices. These processes, however, are time-consuming, labor-intensive and error-prone, and markedly influence the reliability and accuracy of determining target analytes. Thus, efficient sample preparation techniques and their integration with analytical methods have become significant. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and convenient sample preparation technique that has enabled automation, miniaturization, high-throughput performance, and online coupling with analytical instruments. Moreover, SPME has reduced analysis times, as well as solvent and disposal costs. This book consists of 14 original, peer-reviewed papers for the Special Issue in the MDPI journal Molecules. The topics covered include headspace fiber SPME (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), HS-in-needle microextraction GC-MS, thin film SPME liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), magnetic solid phase extraction LC-MS/MS, in-tube SPME LC-MS/MS and in-tube SPME LC-UV. Samples analyzed include plant-derived volatile organic compounds; body odor; metabolites in urine, plasma and saliva sample; and biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in hair and environmental estrogens.

Extraction (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Technical --- Diffusion --- Packed towers --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry)

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This twelfth volume in the series covering the latest results in the field includes abstracts of papers which appeared between the publication of Annual Retrospective XI (Volume 293) and the end of September 2010 (journal availability permitting). As well as the 562 metals abstracts, the issue includes: ""Bulk Diffusion of Homovalent Atomic Probes of Scandium, Lanthanum and Thorium in Single Crystals of Tungsten"" (Klotsman, Tatarinova & Timofeev), ""Behaviour of Artificial Aging in 6066 Alloy using Microhardness and Nuclear Techniques"" (Badawi, Abdel-Rahman, El-Nahhas & Abdel-Rahman), ""Stru

Metals --- Diffusion. --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Defects. --- Diffusion --- Properties