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Progesterone. --- Progesterone --- Progestational hormones --- Gestagens --- Gestogens --- Progestagens --- Progestins --- Progestogens --- Hormones, Sex --- Corpus luteum hormone --- Luteal hormone --- Therapeutic use. --- Physiological effect.

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Genetic variations may change the structure and function of individual proteins as well as affect their interactions with other proteins and thereby impact metabolic processes dependent on protein-protein interactions. For example, cytochrome P450 proteins, which metabolize a vast array of drugs, steroids and other xenobiotics, are dependent on interactions with redox and allosteric partner proteins for their localization, stability, (catalytic) function and metabolic diversity (reactions). Genetic variations may impact such interactions by changing the splicing and/or amino acid sequence which in turn may impact protein topology, localization, post translational modifications and three dimensional structure. More generally, research on single gene defects and their role in disease, as well as recent large scale sequencing studies suggest that a large number of genetic variations may contribute to disease not only by affecting gene function or expression but also by modulating complex protein interaction networks.The aim of this research topic is to bring together researchers working in the area of drug, steroid and xenobiotic metabolism who are studying protein-protein interactions, to describe their recent advances in the field. We are aiming for a comprehensive analysis of the subject from different approaches including genetics, proteomics, transcriptomics, structural biology, biochemistry and pharmacology. Of particular interest are papers dealing with translational research describing the role of novel genetic variations altering protein-protein interaction. Authors may submit original articles, reviews and opinion or hypothesis papers dealing with the role of protein-protein interactions in health and disease.

POR --- Pharmacogenetics --- UGT --- Biocatalysis --- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase --- Cytochrome P450 --- Drug metabolism --- Membrane-associated progesterone receptor --- PXR --- Steroids

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Early in the 80’s date the first observations on the existence of hormonal steroids that may be synthesized and act in the nervous system. In order to refer to these endogenous steroids, proved important to control both central and peripheral nervous system, it was proposed the term “neurosteroids” (NSs). Over the years, their importance in regulating the physiological functions of neuronal and glial cells increased progressively. These steroids can be involved in several pathophysiological conditions such as depression, anxiety, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease. Among the different classes of NSs, the progestagens revealed particularly important. The progesterone metabolite 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one, also named tetrahydroprogesterone or allopregnanolone (ALLO) was one of the first most important steroid that was originally shown to act as neurosteroid. ALLO is synthesized through the action of the 5αR-3α-HSD, which converts P into DHP and subsequently, via a bidirectional reaction, into ALLO. NSs exert complex effects in the nervous system through ‘classic’, genomic, and ‘non-classic’, non-genomic actions. ALLO displays a rapid ‘non-genomic’ effect, which mainly involves the potent modulation of the GABA type A (GABA-A) receptor function. Recently a membrane receptor has been identified as target for ALLO effects, i.e. the membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) that are able to activate a signalling cascade through G protein dependent mechanisms. By these ways, ALLO is able to modulate several cell functions, acting as neurogenic molecule on neural progenitor cells, as well as by activating proliferation and differentiation of glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this topic, we review the most recent acquisitions in the field of neurosteroids, focusing our attention on ALLO because its effects on the physiology of neurons and glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous system are intriguing and could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for neuroprotection and/or regeneration of injured nervous tissues and for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Biochemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- ganaxolone --- Non genomic action --- neurodegenerative disease --- Pain --- GABA A receptor --- Membrane progesterone receptor --- Tetrahydroprogesterone --- PKC epsilon --- neurosteroid --- neuropsychiatric disorder

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Deals with developments in such topics as mechanisms of hormonal carcinogenesis, epidemiology and risk factors, hormone production by tumor tissue and hormonal sensitivity of the latter, genesis, dichotomy and endocrinology of cancer in females, and pharmacogenomics and proteomics in oncoendocrinology.

Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Medicine. --- Oncology. --- Médecine --- Cancérologie --- Breast Neoplasms -- drug therapy. --- Breast Neoplasms -- physiopathology. --- Cancer -- Endocrine aspects. --- Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- pharmacology. --- Receptors, Estrogen -- physiology. --- Receptors, Progesterone -- physiology. --- Cancer --- Estrogen Receptor Modulators --- Receptors, Estrogen --- Breast Neoplasms --- Drug Therapy --- Receptors, Progesterone --- Pharmacology --- Physiology --- Receptors, Steroid --- Hormone Antagonists --- Breast Diseases --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Therapeutics --- Neoplasms by Site --- Skin Diseases --- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear --- Neoplasms --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Transcription Factors --- DNA-Binding Proteins --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Physiological Effects of Drugs --- Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases --- Proteins --- Diseases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Oncology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Endocrine aspects --- Endocrine aspects. --- Cancer endocrinology --- Hormonal aspects of cancer --- Hormonal aspects --- Cancer research. --- Cancer research --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Tumors

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Preterm delivery (PTD; < 37 weeks’ gestation) complicates 5%–13% of deliveries worldwide, depending on the geographical and demographical characteristics of the population tested. It is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as maternal morbidity. In fact, prematurity has both short- and long-term consequences for affected offspring and can leave these individuals with lifelong disabilities, even after the available interventions are attempted. While various risk factors for preterm birth are well-recognized, the etiology for preterm birth is multifactorial. Preterm parturition is a syndrome resulting from the premature activation of the common pathway of parturition, including an increased myometrial contractility; cervical ripening/dilatation and effacement; and membrane/decidual activation. Because the prevalence of preterm birth is so high, it is thought to put more financial, medical, and emotional stress on affected communities than any other perinatal issue. In past years, most of the research interest resulted in the prevention of preterm birth in order to alleviate the complications of prematurity. However, recent evidence suggests that the effect of preterm birth goes beyond the impact on the future health of both the mother and her offspring as well as the specific delivery in which preterm delivery has occurred. This book focuses on the risk factors, perinatal outcomes, and long-term consequences of this critical problem.

high-risk pregnancy --- shortened cervix --- microbiome --- Lactobacillus --- perinatal mortality --- preeclampsia --- pregnancy complications --- preterm birth --- preterm delivery --- small for gestational age --- extreme preterm birth --- placental abruption --- prematurity --- neurological --- pediatric --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- neurologic morbidity --- offspring --- preterm labor --- high-risk patients --- ultrasound --- elastography --- metalloproteinases --- MMP-8 --- MMP-9 --- risk factors --- prevention --- 17-OHPC --- micronized progesterone --- perinatal outcomes --- recommendations --- antenatal corticosteroids --- betamethasone --- preterm infant --- mortality --- respiratory distress syndrome --- gestational age --- threshold --- respiratory morbidity --- pediatric hospitalization --- Apgar score --- neurological morbidities --- long-term follow-up --- population-based study --- retrospective cohort --- ophthalmic morbidities --- retinopathy of prematurity --- n/a