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Over the past 40 years, neurobiology and computational neuroscience has proved that deeper understanding of visual processes in humans and non-human primates can lead to important advancements in computational perception theories and systems. One of the main difficulties that arises when designing automatic vision systems is developing a mechanism that can recognize - or simply find - an object when faced with all the possible variations that may occur in a natural scene, with the ease of the primate visual system. The area of the brain in primates that is dedicated at analyzing visual information is the visual cortex. The visual cortex performs a wide variety of complex tasks by means of simple operations. These seemingly simple operations are applied to several layers of neurons organized into a hierarchy, the layers representing increasingly complex, abstract intermediate processing stages. In this Research Topic we propose to bring together current efforts in neurophysiology and computer vision in order 1) To understand how the visual cortex encodes an object from a starting point where neurons respond to lines, bars or edges to the representation of an object at the top of the hierarchy that is invariant to illumination, size, location, viewpoint, rotation and robust to occlusions and clutter; and 2) How the design of automatic vision systems benefit from that knowledge to get closer to human accuracy, efficiency and robustness to variations.

object recognition --- Neuronal modeling --- shape --- Neuromorphic --- Computational neuroscence --- Attention --- Visual Cortex --- Computer Vision

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"Reading is at the interface between the vision and spoken language domains. An emergent bulk of research indicates that learning to read strongly impacts on non-linguistic visual object processing, both at the behavioral level (e.g., on mirror image processing-enantiomorphy-) and at the brain level (e.g., inducing top-down effects as well as neural competition effects). Yet, many questions regarding the exact nature, locus, and consequences of these effects remain hitherto unanswered. The current Special Topic aims at contributing to the understanding of how such a cultural activity as reading might modulate visual processing by providing a landmark forum in which researchers define the state of the art and future directions on this issue. We thus welcome reviews of current work, original research, and opinion articles that focus on the impact of literacy on the cognitive and/or brain visual processes. In addition to studies directly focusing on this topic, we will consider as highly relevant evidence on reading and visual processes in typical and atypical development, including in adult people differing in schooling and literacy, as well as in neuropsychological cases (e.g., developmental dyslexia). We also encourage researchers on nonhuman primate visual processing to consider the potential contribution of their studies to this Special Topic" -- page 2.

Reading, Psychology of. --- Visual perception --- Research. --- visual word recognition --- developmental dyslexia --- face recognition --- literacy acquisition --- Reading development --- visual object recognition --- Letter processing --- Visual Processing

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By exploring the many different types and forms of contemporary musical instruments, this book contributes to a better understanding of the conditions of instrumentality in the 21st century. Providing insights from science, humanities and the arts, authors from a wide range of disciplines discuss the following questions: · What are the conditions under which an object is recognized as a musical instrument? · What are the actions and procedures typically associated with musical instruments? · What kind of (mental and physical) knowledge do we access in order to recognize or use something as a musical instrument? · How is this knowledge being shaped by cultural conventions and temporal conditions? · How do algorithmic processes 'change the game' of musical performance, and as a result, how do they affect notions of instrumentality? · How do we address the question of instrumental identity within an instrument's design process? · What properties can be used to differentiate successful and unsuccessful instruments? Do these properties also contribute to the instrumentality of an object in general? What does success mean within an artistic, commercial, technological, or scientific context?

Vibrations --- Computer. Automation --- Music --- geluidsleer --- akoestiek --- beeldverwerking --- geluidsisolatie --- spraaktechnologie --- elektro-akoestiek --- object recognition --- landbouw --- multimedia --- muziek --- signaalverwerking --- anno 2000-2099 --- Acoustics in engineering --- Acoustics --- Multimedia systems --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer-based multimedia information systems --- Multimedia computing --- Multimedia information systems --- Multimedia knowledge systems --- Art music --- Art music, Western --- Classical music --- Musical compositions --- Musical works --- Serious music --- Western art music --- Western music (Western countries) --- Acoustical engineering. --- Acoustics. --- Music. --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Multimedia information systems. --- Engineering Acoustics. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Multimedia Information Systems.

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The Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for Electric Vehicles (EV)”, covers new work on EV and associated topics like charging process, smart grids, emerging ITS for EV and applications for electromoV market penetration with an increase of 60% per year, associated challenges of the charging process and system and changes in the energy market and grid. EV is associated with sustainability and the EU has committed to reducing CO2 emissions by 37.5 percent by 2030. The charging process and open energy market with renewable energy create interesting research problems where IoT and intelligent systems play an essential role in the flexibility of the EV charging process and the EV operation.bility. Considering EV market penetration with an increase of 60% per year, associated challenges of charging process and system and the change on the Energy market and Grid. EV is associated with sustainability with the commit of EU in, aiming to reduce CO2 emissions by 37.5 percent from 2021 to 2030. Charging process and open energy market with renewable energy creates interesting research problems where IoT and Intelligent System plays an essential role in the flexibility of the EV charging process and the EV operation.

vehicle electrification --- smart grids --- renewable energy sources --- energy storage systems --- power quality --- bidirectional --- power electronics. --- charging behaviors --- distribution locational marginal pricing --- distribution networks --- electric mobility --- electric vehicle --- operation --- reconfiguration --- smart city --- smart grid --- rapid charging --- charging navigation --- internet of things --- electric charging behaviour --- energy prices --- EVs --- travel simulator --- charging station --- prediction --- probability --- mobile App --- EV charging process --- blockchain --- IoT --- mobile app --- particle filter --- histogram of gradient --- sensor fusion --- neural network --- support vector machine --- object recognition --- electric bus --- emissions --- urban transportation --- energy mix --- automatic train operation --- multi-objective optimization --- shark smell optimization algorithm --- composite angle cosine --- dual-population evolution mechanism --- hardware-in-the-loop simulation --- daily activity chains --- electric vehicles --- optimization --- charging stations --- intelligent transportation systems --- ITS --- Dispatching Service --- Dispersed Generation --- Distribution Grid --- Electrical Vehicle --- Optimal Power Flow --- Power Flow --- Power System --- Simulation Models --- shared swap charging system --- operational design --- battery charging rate --- binary integer programming --- silicon carbide --- extreme fast charging --- DC transformer --- V2G --- urban complex --- peak shaving --- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) --- energy management strategies (EMSs) --- driving cycle prediction

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This book includes 23 published papers on Special issues of "Image and Video Processing and Recognition Based on Artificial Intelligence" in the journal Sensors. The purpose of this Special Issue was to invite high-quality and state-of-the-art academic papers on challenging issues in the field of AI-based image and video processing and recognition.

emotion recognition --- brain computer interface --- bag of deep features --- continuous wavelet transform --- face image analysis --- deep learning --- face parsing --- facial attributes classification --- building extraction --- convolutional neural networks --- mask R-CNN --- high-resolution remote sensing image --- autoencoders --- semi-supervised learning --- computer vision --- pathology --- epidermis --- skin --- image processing --- generative models --- generative adversarial net --- depth map --- super-resolution --- guidance --- residual network --- channel interaction --- pose estimation --- body orientation --- multi-person --- multi-task --- surface defect detection --- active learning --- generative adversarial network --- presentation attack detection --- artificial image generation --- presentation attack face images --- ultrasound image --- malignant thyroid nodule --- artificial intelligence --- weighted binary cross-entropy loss --- infrared circumferential scanning system --- target recognition --- deep convolutional neural networks --- data augmentation --- transfer learning --- bounding box regression --- loss function --- medical image fusion --- convolutional neural network --- image pyramid --- multi-scale decomposition --- armature --- surface inspection --- action recognition --- social robotics --- common spatial patterns --- vehicle recognition --- multi resolution network --- optimization --- semantic segmentation --- global context --- local context --- fully convolutional networks --- image-to-image conversion --- image de-raining --- label to photos --- edges to photos --- generative adversarial network (GAN) --- remote sensing --- helicopter footage --- crowd counting --- multitask learning --- normalized cross-correlation --- Marr wavelets --- entropy and response --- graph matching --- RANSAC --- GC–LSTM model --- typhoon --- satellite image --- prediction system --- monocular depth estimation --- feature distillation --- joint attention --- finger-vein recognition --- camera position --- finger position --- lighting --- unobserved database --- heterogeneous database --- domain adaptation --- cycle-consistent adversarial networks --- SDUMLA-HMT-DB --- HKPolyU-DB --- biometrics --- face recognition --- single-sample face recognition --- binarized statistical image features --- K-nearest neighbors --- sparse coding --- fast approximation --- homotopy iterative hard thresholding --- object recognition --- character recognition --- orthogonal polynomials --- orthogonal moments --- Krawtchouk polynomials --- Tchebichef polynomials --- support vector machine