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Presenting the topic in a concise and simplified manner, this edition provides an overview of the entire field of plant biochemistry. It covers issues such as photosynthesis and the commercial applications of genetic engineering, as well as including research findings through to the end of 2003.

Botanical chemistry --- PLANTS --- PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY --- METABOLIC PROCESSES --- METABOLISM --- plantensamenstelling --- plant composition --- plantenfysiologie --- plant physiology --- plantkunde --- botany --- genetische modificatie --- genetic engineering --- recombinant dna --- fotosynthese --- photosynthesis --- Plant Biochemistry, Phytochemistry --- Plantenbiochemie, fytochemie --- Botanical chemistry. --- Plants --- Metabolism. --- PLANT CELLS --- PHOTOSYNTHESIS --- NUCLEIC ACIDS --- PROTEINS --- PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS --- ISOPRENOIDS --- PLANT PATHOLOGY --- PLANT ECOLOGY --- REVIEWS --- MOLECULAR BIOLOGY --- CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM --- LIPID METABOLISM --- NITROGEN METABOLISM --- GENE EXPRESSION --- GENETIC REGULATION --- BIOCHEMISTRY --- BIOTECHNOLOGY

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Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria This book is the second volume of a seven-volume series, which covers all fields of research related to nitrogen fixation - from basic studies through applied aspects to environmental impacts. Volume II provides a comprehensive and detailed source of information concerning the genetics and regulation of biological nitrogen fixation in free-living prokaryotes. This preface attempts to provide the reader with some insight into how this volume originated, how it was planned, and then how it developed over the several years of its production. Once the editorial team was established, the first job was to decide which of the many free-living diazotrophs that have been subjected to genetic analysis should be included in this volume. Would we need to develop specific criteria for selection or would the organisms, in effect, select themselves? Of course, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii, which have served (and still serve) as the main model organisms for the genetic analysis of diazotrophy, plus some of the other bacteria described in this volume, did indeed select themselves. However, there was considerable discussion surrounding well-characterized fixing species, like Azorhizobium caulinodans and Herbaspirillum seropedicae, both of which are able to fix atmospheric N under free-living conditions.

Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. --- Nitrogen --- Bacterial genetics. --- Micro-organismes fixateurs d'azote --- Azote --- Génétique bactérienne --- Fixation. --- Metabolism --- Fixation --- Métabolisme --- Bacteria --- Fixation de l'azote --- Nitrogen fixation --- Klebsiella --- Clostridium --- Code génétique --- genetic code --- Écologie microbienne --- microbial ecology --- Molybdène --- Molybdenum --- Nitrogen -- Fixation. --- Nitrogen -- Metabolism -- Regulations. --- Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms --- Bacterial genetics --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Regulation --- Regulation. --- Microbiology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Bacteriology. --- Soil conservation. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Microbiology --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Microorganisms --- Genetics --- Microbial biology --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Soil science. --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Agriculture --- Earth sciences --- Archaea

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Polyamines are small organic compounds found in all living organisms. In recent years, there have been many exciting advances in our understanding of plant polyamines, such as the determination of the biosynthetic and catabolic pathways of plant polyamines and the identification of the roles that plant polyamines play in cellular processes. This Special Issue contains six original research papers and three review articles, providing valuable insights and information for future polyamine-related research.

polyamine oxidase --- norspermidine --- thermospermine --- Selaginella lepidophylla --- Arabidopsis thaliana mutant --- polyamines --- spermidine --- nonsense-mediated decay --- no-go decay --- non-stop decay --- quality control --- translation --- copper amine oxidases --- H2O2 --- ROS --- ABA --- stomatal closure --- back conversion pathway --- polyamine catabolism --- stress response --- terminal catabolism pathway --- Ranunculus biternatus --- Ranunculus pseudotrullifolius --- Ranunculus moseleyi --- secondary metabolite variation --- amines --- quercetins --- natural populations --- environment --- redundancy --- sub-Antarctic plants --- Arabidopsis --- phloem --- rice --- spermine --- xylem --- nitrogen metabolism --- abiotic and biotic stress --- hydrogen peroxide --- antioxidant machinery --- heat shock proteins --- heat stress --- polyamine oxidases --- PA acetylation --- PA oxidation --- PA back-conversion --- putrescine --- tomato --- spermidine synthase --- fruit shape --- cell division --- cell expansion --- copper amine oxidase

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This book contains a collection of recent peer-reviewed articles on the topic "Crop Adaptation to Elevated CO2 and Temperature" published in Plants. Topics range from meta-analyses of crop responses, to descriptions and results of large-scale screening efforts, to molecular studies of changes in gene expression related to fruit quality.

adaptation --- breeding --- CO2 --- CWR --- seed yield --- goji berry --- sugar metabolism --- elevated CO2 --- functional domain --- gene cloning and expression --- Lens culinaris --- climate change adaptation --- root development --- root depth distribution --- climate change --- heat stress --- nitrogen assimilation --- nitrogen metabolism --- nitrogen uptake --- Solanum --- tomato --- warming --- Solanum tuberosum --- tuber --- sink organ --- ambient temperature --- cell proliferation --- grain quality --- cereals --- yield and quality --- high [CO2] --- predicted future climate --- high temperature --- grain quality traits --- drought stress --- Genovese cultivar --- photosynthesis --- stomatal conductance --- chlorophyll --- carotenoids --- antioxidant defense metabolites --- early growth stage --- ethylene --- IAA conjugates --- indole-3-acetic acid --- invasiveness --- lupine seedlings --- simulated conditions --- warming simulation --- grain yield --- biomass --- bread wheat --- genotypes --- barley --- CO2 enrichment --- Hordeum vulgare L. --- water-use efficiency --- yield --- gravitropic angle of curvature --- initial root --- lateral root number --- primary root --- root system architecture --- simulated warming --- n/a

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Ecophysiological mechanisms underlie plant responses to environmental conditions and the influence these responses have on ecological patterns and processes. In this Special Issue, with a particular interest in the interactions between climate change, environmental disturbance, and functional ecology, experimental observations are described at a range of spatial scales. A modeling framework is used in an effort to relate mechanistic responses to ecosystem functions and services, and link forest ecophysiology and environmental indicators. This Special Issue collects important advances in studying and monitoring plant–environment interactions, covering biogeographic gradients from Mediterranean woodlands to boreal forests and from Alpine mountains to tropical environments.

Leaf δ13C --- Leaf δ15N --- Growth stage --- Environmental factors --- Relative importance --- nitrogen dioxide --- nitrogen metabolism --- photorespiration --- heat dissipation --- excess absorbed light energy --- electron transfer --- photochemical efficiency --- altitude --- non-structural carbohydrates --- nutrients --- ontogeny --- Pinus cembra L. --- Larix decidua Mill --- boreal forest --- leaf temperature --- photosynthesis --- water availability --- leaf thermal damage --- thermoregulation --- endangered --- Sonneratia × hainanensis --- reproductive system --- seed germination --- light --- temperature --- salinity --- Cinnamomum migao --- autotoxicity --- seedling growth --- soil substrate --- soil enzyme --- soil fungi --- TreeSonic --- MOEd --- forest productivity --- dendrochronology --- recruitment period --- Aspromonte National Park --- Sessile oak --- deciduous forest --- carbon sequestration --- wood density --- allometry --- functional traits --- climate niches --- Malus baccata --- MbERF11 --- cold stress --- salt stress --- transgenic plant --- dendrometer --- stem circumference changes --- climate response --- Mediterranean --- Pinus nigra --- Pinus pinaster --- ontogenetic phases --- adaptive strategies --- leaf functional traits --- light environment --- canopy tree species --- carbon isotopes --- climate change --- respiration --- discrimination --- mixed forest --- keeling plot --- branch lifespan --- shoot lifespan --- stem lifespan --- branch shedding --- shoot shedding --- stem shedding --- canopy --- crown development --- tree architecture --- light foraging --- phenotypic plasticity --- shade tolerance --- shade acclimation --- light acclimation --- light regime --- sunfleck --- leaf thickness --- leaf angle --- leaf three-dimensional structure --- n/a