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Migration. Refugees --- Europe --- E-working papers

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Otto Wilhelm Kuusinen est surtout connu pour avoir été pendant quinze ans l’un des secrétaires du Komintern, puis plus tard l’un des conseillers de Nikita Krouchtchev. En Finlande même, il incarne pour beaucoup la figure par excellence d’un communisme apatride, lié à « l’ennemi héréditaire ». Il fut pourtant de 1905 à 1918 un dirigeant social démocrate finlandais de premier plan, qui plus est patriote ardent et rédacteur de maints textes réclamant ou préparant l’indépendance du pays en 1917. Le présent ouvrage s’intéresse spécifiquement à cette partie-là de la vie de Kuusinen, non seulement parce qu’elle est souvent occultée, voire négligée par les historiens, mais aussi parce qu’elle pose le problème des continuités et des ruptures dans la vie d’un dirigeant du mouvement ouvrier dont la carrière a embrassé plusieurs époques distinctes. Le but de ce livre n’est toutefois pas d’être simplement une biographie, au sens classique du terme. Il s’agit aussi dans ces pages de comprendre pourquoi un jeune homme, que rien ne prédisposait a priori à devenir un révolutionnaire, s’est découvert et forgé une âme de socialiste, pourquoi il a en outre abandonné ses rêves d’ascension sociale pour embrasser une carrière aléatoire au sein d’un mouvement ouvrier qui lui était à l’origine étranger. Les raisons en fait apparaissent complexes, mêlant des facteurs structurels et conjoncturels, familiaux et sociétaux, individuels et organisationnels. Au total, il apparaît que l’engagement politique, au sens que lui a donné le xxe siècle, ne peut se réduire aux choix d’une personne ; il a également une dimension collective qui l’enracine profondément dans la société qu’il prétend transformer. C’est pourquoi le lecteur pourra découvrir, tout autant que l’individu Kuusinen, la Finlande des années 1881-1918, les mutations socio-économiques qui l’affectent, les débats intellectuels et politiques qui s’y déploient, les espérances et les colères qui animent les contemporains, la dureté enfin…

Migration. Refugees --- Museology --- History --- révolution --- engagement politique --- mouvement ouvrier --- socialisme

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This book provides an overview of the identity and sense of belonging of Muslims in the Western world. By presenting case studies on European countries such as France, the Netherlands and the UK, as well as the USA and Canada, it offers a comparative perspective on how Muslims feel toward and are integrated in their country of residence. The respective contributions examine the sense of belonging and identity of Muslims and compare their levels of integration. Furthermore, they discuss the compatibility of their religious beliefs and values with the political and democratic order of their country of residence, and make concrete policy recommendations. The book is chiefly intended for scholars of political science and migration studies who are seeking a comparative perspective on the status quo of Muslims' integration in the Western world.

Political systems --- Migration. Refugees --- politiek --- migratie (mensen) --- International relations.

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Millions of people--nearly 3 percent of the world's population--no longer live in the country where they were born. Every day, migrants enter not only the United States but also developed countries without much of a history of immigration. Some of these nations have switched in a short span of time from being the source of immigrants to being a destination for them. International migration is today a central subject of research in modern labor economics, which seeks to put into perspective and explain this historic demographic transformation. Immigration Economics synthesizes the theories, models, and econometric methods used to identify the causes and consequences of international labor flows. Economist George Borjas lays out with clarity and rigor a full spectrum of topics, including migrant worker selection and assimilation, the impact of immigration on labor markets and worker wages, and the economic benefits and losses that result from immigration. Two important themes emerge: First, immigration has distributional consequences: some people gain, but some people lose. Second, immigrants are rational economic agents who attempt to do the best they can with the resources they have, and the same holds true for native workers of the countries that receive migrants. This straightforward behavioral proposition, Borjas argues, has crucial implications for how economists and policymakers should frame contemporary debates over immigration.

Migration. Refugees --- International economic relations --- Emigration and immigration --- Economic aspects --- 312.1 --- Immigratie --- Economic aspects.

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Transit migration, comprising mixed flows of refugees and labour, is widely considered a concern and even security threat. However, the concept is as vague and blurred as it is politicised. This volume offers evidence-based, comprehensive coverage of the entire belt of countries in the neighbourhood of the EU, ranging from Russia to Morocco. Transit migration is critically analyzed from the perspective of sending, transit and receiving countries, offering new insights into refugee and irregular migration flows, transnational migration networks and overlapping migration systems.

Immigrants --- Europe --- Emigration and immigration. --- Transit migration, mixed migration, irregular migration, refugees, migration and border controls.