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This book takes the reader on a journey through past and current research on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC/HLA). It describes how it was discovered, what its biological function is and its application in medicine. The reader will learn about the molecular structure of the encoded molecules and different aspects of their role in medicine, including organ transplantation, their link to autoimmune diseases, cancer immunity, resistance to infectious diseases, and other related scientific areas, such as population genetics. In particular, the book focusses on the impact of MHC/HLA altered expression in tumours and their relevance in cancer immune escape and immunotherapy. It contains a large number of original figures and photographs of pioneers in the field, who made seminal contributions. Each chapter is supported by relevant key publications and enriched with a personal account of the early research that has contributed to our current understanding of the role of the major histocompatibility complex. This book is an excellent resource for all scientists in the biomedical life sciences who wish to gain insight into the discovery of the MHC/HLA and the role of this important genetic complex in health and disease.

Major histocompatibility complex. --- Immunology. --- Cancer. --- Genetics. --- Cancer --- Cancer Biology. --- Genetics and Genomics. --- Cancer Genetics and Genomics. --- Genetic aspects.

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This book is a concise review of medically important applications of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) in medicine. It covers both basic knowledge of HLA and its main clinical applications in medical practice. Its two major aims are to assist students who are preparing for clinical immunology examinations, and to help people who want to understand more about this subject with brief and flexible sources of information. This book presents current, medically important information on the rapidly changing field of tissue typing and its relation with diseases. It includes updated information on such topics as tissue typing in medicine and transplant immunology.

HLA histocompatibility antigens. --- HL-A histocompatibility antigens --- HLA antigens --- HLA transplantation antigens --- Human leukocyte antigens --- Transplantation antigens, Human --- Histocompatibility antigens --- Major histocompatibility complex --- Immunology

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Abnormal expression of MHC class I molecules in malignant cells is a frequent occurrence that ranges from total loss of all class I antigens to partial loss of MHC specific haplotypes or alleles. Different mechanisms are described to be responsible for these alterations, requiring different therapeutic approaches. A complete characterization of these molecular defects is important for improvement of the strategies for the selection and follow-up of patients undergoing T-cell based cancer immunotherapy.  Precise identification of the mechanism leading to MHC class I defects  will help to develop new personalized patient-tailored treatment protocols. There is significant new research on the prevalence of various patterns of MHC class I defects and the underlying molecular mechanisms in different types of cancer. In contrast, few data is available on the changes in MHC class I expression during the course of cancer immunotherapy, but the authors have recently made discoveries that show the progression or regression of a tumor lesion in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy depends on the molecular mechanism responsible for the MHC class I alteration and not on the type of immunotherapy used. According to this notion, the nature of the preexisting MHC class I lesion in the cancer cell has a crucial impact on determining the final outcome of cancer immunotherapy. This SpringerBrief will present how MHC class 1 is expressed, explain its role in tumor progression, and its role in resistance to immunotherapy.  .

HLA histocompatibility antigens. --- Major histocompatibility complex. --- Cancer --- Major histocompatibility complex --- Immunomodulation --- Major Histocompatibility Complex --- Diseases --- Biological Therapy --- Genes --- Therapeutics --- Genome Components --- Genome --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Genetic Structures --- Genetic Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Genes, MHC Class I --- Neoplasms --- Immunotherapy --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Immunological aspects --- Oncology. --- Immunology. --- Immunobiology --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Molecular biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Tumors --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Cancer research

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Immunology --- Immune response --- HLA histocompatibility antigens --- Allergy and Immunology --- Histocompatibility Testing --- Regulation --- Immunologie --- Réaction immunitaire --- Antigènes HLA --- HLA histocompatibility antigens. --- Immunology. --- Allergy and Immunology. --- Périodiques. --- Régulation --- Regulation. --- Allergy Specialty --- Allergy, Immunology --- Immunology and Allergy --- Immunology, Allergy --- Specialty, Allergy --- Immunobiology --- Immune modulation --- Immunity --- Immunomodulation --- Immunoregulation --- Regulation of immunity --- Regulation of the immune response --- HL-A histocompatibility antigens --- HLA antigens --- HLA transplantation antigens --- Human leukocyte antigens --- Transplantation antigens, Human --- Histocompatibility --- Immunocompatibility --- Tissue Compatibility --- Compatibilities, Tissue --- Compatibility, Tissue --- Histocompatibilities --- Immunocompatibilities --- Tissue Compatibilities --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Idiotypic networks --- Biological response modifiers --- Ir genes --- Histocompatibility antigens --- Major histocompatibility complex --- Histocompatibility. --- Histocompatibilité. --- Periodicals. --- Tissue compatibility --- Immunological tolerance --- Transplantation immunology --- HLA Incompatibility --- Histoincompatibility --- Human Leukocyte Antigen Incompatibility --- HLA Incompatibilities --- Histoincompatibilities --- Incompatibility, HLA --- Réaction immunitaire --- Antigènes HLA --- Histocompatibilité. --- Périodiques. --- Régulation

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Biomarkers are of critical medical importance for oncologists, allowing them to predict and detect disease and to determine the best course of action for cancer patient care. Prognostic markers are used to evaluate a patient’s outcome and cancer recurrence probability after initial interventions such as surgery or drug treatments and, hence, to select follow-up and further treatment strategies. On the other hand, predictive markers are increasingly being used to evaluate the probability of benefit from clinical intervention(s), driving personalized medicine. Evolving technologies and the increasing availability of “multiomics” data are leading to the selection of numerous potential biomarkers, based on DNA, RNA, miRNA, protein, and metabolic alterations within cancer cells or tumor microenvironment, that may be combined with clinical and pathological data to greatly improve the prediction of both cancer progression and therapeutic treatment responses. However, in recent years, few biomarkers have progressed from discovery to become validated tools to be used in clinical practice. This Special Issue comprises eight review articles and five original studies on novel potential prognostic and predictive markers for different cancer types.

MSI2 --- OSCC --- oral cancer --- musashi 2 --- prognosis --- N-cadherin --- EMT --- breast cancer --- new metastasis --- eribulin --- blood --- biomarker --- bladder cancer --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- CD8+ T effector cells --- microRNA --- biomarkers --- head and neck cancer --- laryngeal cancer --- prediction --- metastasis --- lifestyle habit --- chemo-/radio resistance --- therapeutic target --- AKT --- AR --- castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) --- MAPK --- mTOR --- PI3K --- prostate cancer --- therapeutic resistance --- WNT --- miRNA --- melanoma --- melanoma resistance to MAPK/MEK inhibitors --- resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors --- TNBC --- BRCA1/2 --- HRR --- PDL1 --- TILs --- PI3KCA --- PTEN --- CTCs --- CSC --- pancreatic cancer --- K-RAS oncogene --- oncogene dependency --- targeted therapies --- genomic mutations --- transcriptomics --- metabolomics --- selenoproteins --- cancer --- HUB nodes --- major histocompatibility complex (MHC) --- human leukocyte antigen (HLA) --- antigen processing machinery (APM) molecules --- carcinogenesis --- tumor predisposition --- cancer immunotherapy --- pheochromocytoma --- paraganglioma --- head and neck neoplasms --- head and neck tumors --- genetic syndromes --- mutations --- hyperglycemia --- cardioncology --- nivolumab --- cytokines --- cardiotoxicity --- acetyltransferase --- cancer prognosis --- NAA10 --- n/a