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This monograph examines magnetization dynamics at elevated temperatures which can be described by the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (SLLG). The first part of the book studies the role of noise in finite ensembles of nanomagnetic particles: we show geometric ergodicity of a unique invariant measure of Gibbs type and study related properties of approximations of the SLLG, including time discretization and Ginzburg-Landau type penalization. In the second part we propose an implementable space-time discretization using random walks to construct a weak martingale solution of the corresponding stochastic partial differential equation which describes the magnetization process of infinite spin ensembles. The last part of the book is concerned with a macroscopic deterministic equation which describes temperature effects on macro-spins, i.e. expectations of the solutions to the SLLG. Furthermore, comparative computational studies with the stochastic model are included. We use constructive tools such as e.g. finite element methods to derive the theoretical results, which are then used for computational studies. The numerical experiments motivate an interesting interplay between inherent geometric and stochastic effects of the SLLG which still lack a rigorous analytical understanding: the role of space-time white noise, possible finite time blow-up behavior of solutions, long-time asymptotics, and effective dynamics.
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High temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks and stacks of coated conductors can be magnetized to become trapped-field magnets that provide much stronger magnetic fields than those reachable with conventional permanent magnets. This work investigates the flux dynamics during the magnetization of HTS trapped-field magnets and proposes possible strategies to improve the trapped field produced by the pulsed field magnetization method that is promising for practical applications.
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Frustrated spin systems have been first investigated five decades ago. Well-known examples include the Ising model on the antiferromagnetic triangular lattice studied by G H Wannier in 1950 and the Heisenberg helical structure discovered independently by A Yoshimori, J Villain and T A Kaplan in 1959. However, many properties of frustrated systems are still not well understood at present. Recent studies reveal that established theories, numerical simulations as well as experimental techniques have encountered many difficulties in dealing with frustrated systems. This volume highlights the lates
Magnetization. --- Rotational motion. --- Spin waves. --- Ferromagnetism. --- Waves, Spin --- Ferromagnetism --- Low temperatures --- Nuclear spin --- Gyrodynamics --- Revolving systems --- Rotating systems --- Spin (Dynamics) --- Dynamics --- Motion --- Magnetism
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This book covers all principal aspects of currently investigated frustrated systems, from exactly solved frustrated models to real experimental frustrated systems, going through renormalization group treatment, Monte Carlo investigation of frustrated classical Ising and vector spin models, low-dimensional systems, spin ice and quantum spin glass. The reader can - within a single book - obtain a global view of the current research development in the field of frustrated systems.This new edition is updated with recent theoretical, numerical and experimental developments in the field of frustrated
Magnetization. --- Rotational motion. --- Spin waves. --- Ferromagnetism. --- Magnetism --- Waves, Spin --- Ferromagnetism --- Low temperatures --- Nuclear spin --- Gyrodynamics --- Revolving systems --- Rotating systems --- Spin (Dynamics) --- Dynamics --- Motion
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As data transfer rates increase within the magnetic recording industry, improvements in device performance and reliability crucially depend on the thorough understanding on nonlinear magnetization dynamics at a sub-nanoscale level.This book offers a modern, stimulating approach to the subject of nonlinear magnetization dynamics by discussing important aspects such as the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, analytical solutions, and the connection between the general topological and structural aspects of dynamics.An exceptional research tool, providing an advanced understand
Magnetization --- Nanoelectromechanical systems. --- Nonlinear systems. --- Aimantation --- Nanosystèmes électromécaniques --- Systèmes non linéaires --- Magnetization. --- Nanoelectromechanical systems --- Nonlinear systems --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Electrical Engineering --- Physics --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Systems, Nonlinear --- System theory --- Nano-electro-mechanical systems --- Nanoelectromechanical devices --- Nanomechanical devices --- Nanomechanical machines --- Nanomechanical systems --- Nanometer scale devices --- Nanoscale devices --- Nanoscale electronic devices --- Nanostructured devices --- NEMS (Nanotechnology) --- Nanoelectronics --- Nanostructures --- Magnetism --- Electromechanical devices
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This volume contains the lecture notes of the Third JETSET School on Jets from Young Stars focussing on Numerical MHD and Instabilities. The introductory lectures presented here cover the basic concepts of the numerical methods for the integration of hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic equations and of the applications of these methods to the treatment of the instabilities relevant for the physics of stellar jets. The first part of the book contains an introduction to the finite difference and finite volume methods for computing the solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations and a discussion of approximate Riemann solvers for both hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic problems. The second part is devoted to the discussion of some of the main instability processes that may take place in stellar jets, namely: the Kelvin-Helmholtz, the radiative shock, the pressure driven and the thermal instabilities. Graduate students and young scientists will benefit from this book by learning how to use the fundamental tools used in computational astrophysical jet research.
Astrophysical jets --- Magnetization instabilities --- Stellar dynamics --- Mathematical models --- Dynamics, Stellar --- Stars --- Celestial mechanics --- Astrophysics --- Jets --- Radio sources (Astronomy) --- Dynamics --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Astrophysics. --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities --- Hydromagnetic instabilities --- Instabilities, Magnetohydrodynamic --- MHD instabilities --- Magnetohydrodynamics --- Plasma instabilities
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This Special Issue contains ten papers which focus on emerging geophysical techniques for mineral exploration, novel modeling, and interpretation methods, including joint inversions of multi physics data, and challenging case studies. The papers cover a wide range of mineral deposits, including banded iron formations, epithermal gold–silver–copper–iron–molybdenum deposits, iron-oxide–copper–gold deposits, and prospecting forgroundwater resources.
geophysical electromagnetic modelling --- CSAMT --- CSRMT --- CSEM --- linear slip model --- grid-characteristic method --- elastic waves --- modeling and inversion --- seismic methods --- Zhuxi ore deposit --- control source --- dense array --- body wave tomography --- 3D focusing migration --- regularization --- conjugate migration direction --- fast imaging --- skarn-type iron deposits --- Gadarwara --- central India --- mineralization --- IOCG --- Narmada-Son-Lineament --- Magnetic anomaly --- preconditioned jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method --- undulating terrain --- gravity focusing density inversion --- adaptive equivalent-dimension --- polymetallic minerals --- unstructured mesh and structured mesh --- inversion --- induced polarization --- electromagnetics --- three-dimensional --- effective medium --- discovery --- phosphate mines --- geophysical exploration --- hydrogeology --- phosphate extraction --- gantour Basin --- Ouled Abdoun Basin --- Morocco --- iron deposit --- mineral exploration --- transient electromagnetic method --- magnetotelluric method --- single point continuous motion detection --- gravity --- magnetics --- magnetization vector --- remanent magnetization --- joint inversion --- n/a
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The Special Issue on Recent Advances in Nanomagnetism is a compilation of articles, addressing various aspects of magnetic properties and behaviour in low dimensional magnetic materials. One contribution addresses the novel magnetic properties in a nanohybrid of iron oxide and carbide nanoparticles grown in diamond. Magnetic textures, such as skyrmion structures, form an important area of research in nanomagnetism, this forms the topic of another contribution. Several aspects of magnetisation dynamics are addressed in other contributions and relate to the developments of microresonators and microantennas applied to the study of magnetic nanostructures; the ferromagnetic resonance behaviour in nanodot systems are also considered. Materials development forms an important area of study in nanomagnetism, and, as such, the preparation conditions, such as annealing under an applied field, can have important effects on the magnetic properties of thin films and low dimensional structures. Such considerations form the study of one of the contributions. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy has a number of important applications in magnetic storage materials; this is the subject of two further contributions.
Information technology industries --- Computer science --- magnetic nanohybrid materials --- nanodiamonds --- nanoparticles --- iron carbides --- Fe3C --- spinel-type iron oxide --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- skyrmions --- micromagnetic simulations --- geometric pinning --- finite-element modelling --- ferromagnetic resonance --- microantenna --- microresonator --- magnetic relaxation --- thin films --- nanostructures --- [Co/Ni]2/PtMn multilayers --- magnetic field annealing --- hysteresis loop vertical shift --- exchange coupling --- nanomagnetism --- magnetic multilayers --- micromagnetism --- magnetization dynamics --- magnetic nanodots --- coupled magnetic thin films --- perpendicular magnetic anisotropy --- n/a --- Mössbauer spectroscopy
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This book mainly focuses on the investigation of the electric-field control of magnetism and spin-dependent transportation based on a Co40Fe40B20(CoFeB)/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3(PMN-PT) multiferroic heterostructure. Methods of characterization and analysis of the multiferroic properties with in situ electric fields are induced to detect the direct magnetoelectric (ME) coupling. A switchable and non-volatile electric field control of magnetization in CoFeB/PMN-PT(001) structures is observed at room temperature, and the mechanism of direct coupling between the ferroelectric domain and ferromagnetic film due to the combined action of 109° ferroelastic domain switching in PMN-PT and the absence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in CoFeB is demonstrated. Moreover, the electric-field control of giant magnetoresistance is achieved in a CoFeB-based spin valve deposited on top of (011) oriented PMN-PT, which offers an avenue for implementing electric-writing and magnetic-reading random access memory at room temperature. Readers will learn the basic properties of multiferroic materials, many useful techniques related to characterizing multiferroics and the interesting ME effect in CoFeB/PMN-PT structures, which is significant for applications.
Electric fields. --- Electromagnetic fields. --- Magnetization. --- Fields, Electromagnetic --- Magnetic fields --- Electric fields --- Field theory (Physics) --- Electromagnetic fields --- Magnetism --- Magnetism. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Electronic Circuits and Devices. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Magnetic materials. --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Thin films. --- Electronic circuits. --- Materials science. --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Materials
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Water is indispensable to the functioning of most known life forms, and good water quality is essential to human health, social and economic development, and ecosystem functioning. Nonetheless, population growth has been leading to the degradation and depletion of fresh water resources. Under these circumstances, ensuring sufficient and safe water supplies for everyone is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 for the year 2030. For this goal to be achieved, the development and implementation of appropriate and efficient wastewater treatments that allow us to reduce water pollution is a major challenge.In view of the relevant contribution that polymers and polymeric materials may have in the conservation of the aquatic environment, namely by their application in wastewater treatment, original research and review papers on “Current trends and perspectives in the application of polymeric materials for wastewater treatment” were here brought together. For sure, this set of papers will be helpful and inspiring for readers interested in this topic.
waste silk --- dopamine --- iron particles --- wastewater treatment --- activated carbon microsphere --- sodium lignosulfonate --- Cr(VI) --- adsorption --- modified polymeric resin --- t-butyl phosphate impregnation --- polymer based adsorbents --- dye adsorption --- response surface methodology --- nano-MgO --- structural modification --- permeability --- antifouling --- color rejection --- POME --- fluoroquinolones --- ultrasound radiation --- mesoporous carbon --- desirability function --- thermodynamics --- wastewater --- cost analysis --- ciprofloxacin --- Polystyrene nanocomposite --- modifications --- characterizations --- antibiotics --- emerging contaminants --- pharmaceuticals --- polymeric adsorbents --- magnetization --- silver nanoparticles --- microfiltration --- membranes --- biofouling --- sputtering --- magnetite --- co-precipitation method --- Rhodamine B --- sodium dodecyl sulfate --- selective adsorption --- dysprosium --- neodymium --- fabric adsorbent --- radiation --- graft polymerization --- molecular imprinting --- polymer --- sertraline --- cross-reactivity --- SSRI --- template --- sorbent --- n/a
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