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The U.S. labor share of income has been on a secular downward trajectory since the beginning of the new millennium. Using data that are disaggregated across both state and industry, we show the decline in the labor share is broad-based but the extent of the fall varies greatly. Exploiting a new data set on the task characteristics of occupations, the U.S. input-output tables, and the Current Population Survey, we find that in addition to changes in labor institutions, technological change and different forms of trade integration lowered the labor share. In particular, the fall was largest, on average, in industries that saw: a high initial intensity of “routinizable” occupations; steep declines in unionization; a high level of competition from imports; and a high intensity of foreign input usage. Quantitatively, we find that the bulk of the effect comes from changes in technology that are linked to the automation of routine tasks, followed by trade globalization.

Labor --- Income distribution --- E-books --- Labor--United States. --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Investments: Commodities --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Trade and Labor Market Interactions --- Globalization: Labor --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Trade: General --- Labor Economics: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Commodity Markets --- Labour --- income economics --- International economics --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Labor share --- Labor markets --- Imports --- Competition --- International trade --- Commodities --- Wages --- Labor market --- Labor economics --- Commercial products --- United States --- Income economics