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Eurípides terá composto e produzido a 'Ifigénia entre os Tauros' entre a trilogia troiana de 415 e a 'Helena' de 412 a.C., provavelmente em 414 ou 413 a.C., sendo, portanto, contemporânea de Alcibíades. Esta tragédia inclui-se naquelas que preferem os temas construídos sobre as relações familiares, sem que delas, porém, se evidencie o factor crime ou que, pelo menos, esse não tenha o protagonismo do enredo. O argumento parte da tradição que considerava que a jovem Ifigénia, afinal, não tinha morrido no altar do sacrifício, em Áulis. Uma importante inovação da tradição mitológica introduzida por Eurípides neste texto é a figura de Orestes, que não fazia propriamente parte do ciclo centrado em Ifigénia e Ártemis e que aqui tem um papel determinante. Assim, a peça abre com uma Ifigénia exilada em terras bárbaras, onde desempenha a função de sacerdotisa de Ártemis, deusa que assume o seu carácter sanguinário, pois exige o sacrifício dos estrangeiros que ali chegam. O dilema trágico revela-se quando, na Táurica, aparecem dois estrangeiros, que a sacerdotisa deve sacrificar à deusa, mas que afinal são o próprio irmão e o primo de Ifigénia. A Atrida terá de escolher entre matar os familiares e assim cumprir as obrigações religiosas a que está obrigada, ou transgredir as normas e salvar aqueles a quem está unida por sangue e afecto.
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Euripides, Iphigenia Aulidensis (Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana).
HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- Iphigenia --- Ifigeneia --- Ifigenia --- Ifigenija --- Ifigjenia --- Ifixenia --- Iphigeneia --- Iphigenie --- 伊菲革涅亚 --- イーピゲネイア --- איפיגניה --- 이피게네이아 --- Іфігенія --- Ифигенија --- Ифигения --- إيفيجينيا --- Ἰφιγένεια --- Iphigenia (Greek mythology)
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The modern reader may have difficulty conceiving of Iphigeneia in Tauris as tragedy, for the term in our sense is associated with downfall, death, and disaster. But to the ancient Greeks, the use of heroic legend, the tragic diction and meters, and the tragic actors would have defined it as pure tragedy, the happy ending notwithstanding. While not one of his "deep" dramatic works, the play is Euripidean in many respects, above all in its recurrent theme of escape, symbolized in the rescue of Iphigeneia by Artemis, to whom she was about to be sacrificed. Richmond Lattimore--who has been called the dean of American translators--has translated Iphigeneia in Tauris with skill and subtlety, revealing it as one of the most delicately written and beautifully contrived of the Euripidean "romances.".
Drama --- Drama, Modern --- Dramas --- Dramatic works --- Plays --- Playscripts --- Stage --- Literature --- Dialogue --- Philosophy --- Iphigenia --- Ifigeneia --- Ifigenia --- Ifigenija --- Ifigjenia --- Ifixenia --- Iphigeneia --- Iphigenie --- 伊菲革涅亚 --- イーピゲネイア --- איפיגניה --- 이피게네이아 --- Іфігенія --- Ифигенија --- Ифигения --- إيفيجينيا --- Ἰφιγένεια --- Iphigenia (Greek mythology)
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For the Enlightenment mind, from Moses Mendelssohn's focus on the moment of surprise at the heart of the work of art to Herder's imagining of the seismic moment at which language was discovered, it is the flash of recognition that nails the essence of the work, the blink of an eye in which one's world changes. In Cherubino's Leap, Richard Kramer unmasks such prismatic moments in iconic music from the Enlightenment, from the "chromatic" moment-the single tone that disturbs the thrust of a diatonic musical discourse-and its deployment in seminal instrumental works by Emanuel Bach, Haydn, and Mozart; on to the poetic moment, taking the odes of Klopstock, in their finely wrought prosody, as a challenge to the problem of strophic song; and finally to the grand stage of opera, to the intense moment of recognition in Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride and the exquisitely introverted phrase that complicates Cherubino's daring moment of escape in Mozart's Figaro. Finally, the tears of the disconsolate Konstanze in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail provoke a reflection on the tragic aspect of Mozart's operatic women. Throughout, other players from literature and the arts-Diderot, Goethe, Lessing among them-enrich the landscape of this bold journey through the Enlightenment imagination.
Music --- Enlightenment. --- Music and literature --- History and criticism. --- Philosophy and aesthetics. --- History --- Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, --- Musical settings --- enlightenment, epiphany, realization, recognition, discovery, art, music, nonfiction, chromatic moment, mozart, haydn, bach, klopstock, prosody, poetry, strophic song, opera, gluck, iphigenie en tauride, cherubino, escape, figaro, konstanze, women, gender, die entfuhrung aus dem serail, lessing, goethe, diderot, beethoven, sonata, silence, audience, affect, performance.
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For the Enlightenment mind, from Moses Mendelssohn's focus on the moment of surprise at the heart of the work of art to Herder's imagining of the seismic moment at which language was discovered, it is the flash of recognition that nails the essence of the work, the blink of an eye in which one's world changes. In Cherubino's Leap, Richard Kramer unmasks such prismatic moments in iconic music from the Enlightenment, from the "chromatic" moment-the single tone that disturbs the thrust of a diatonic musical discourse-and its deployment in seminal instrumental works by Emanuel Bach, Haydn, and Mozart; on to the poetic moment, taking the odes of Klopstock, in their finely wrought prosody, as a challenge to the problem of strophic song; and finally to the grand stage of opera, to the intense moment of recognition in Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride and the exquisitely introverted phrase that complicates Cherubino's daring moment of escape in Mozart's Figaro. Finally, the tears of the disconsolate Konstanze in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail provoke a reflection on the tragic aspect of Mozart's operatic women. Throughout, other players from literature and the arts-Diderot, Goethe, Lessing among them-enrich the landscape of this bold journey through the Enlightenment imagination.
Aufklärung. --- Enlightenment. --- Klassische Musik. --- Lyrik. --- Music and literature --- Music and literature. --- Music --- Music. --- Musical settings. --- Musik. --- Oper. --- Vertonung. --- Überraschung --- History --- History and criticism. --- Philosophy and aesthetics. --- Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, --- Musical settings --- 1700-1799. --- Austria. --- Deutschland. --- Germany. --- Österreich. --- muziekgeschiedenis --- anno 1700-1799 --- enlightenment, epiphany, realization, recognition, discovery, art, music, nonfiction, chromatic moment, mozart, haydn, bach, klopstock, prosody, poetry, strophic song, opera, gluck, iphigenie en tauride, cherubino, escape, figaro, konstanze, women, gender, die entfuhrung aus dem serail, lessing, goethe, diderot, beethoven, sonata, silence, audience, affect, performance.
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