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Do great leaders make history? Or are they compelled to act by historical circumstance? This debate has remained unresolved since Thomas Carlyle and Karl Marx framed it in the mid-nineteenth century, yet implicit answers inform our policies and our views of history. In this book, Professor Bear F. Braumoeller argues persuasively that both perspectives are correct: leaders shape the main material and ideological forces of history that subsequently constrain and compel them. His studies of the Congress of Vienna, the interwar period, and the end of the Cold War illustrate this dynamic, and the data he marshals provide systematic evidence that leaders both shape and are constrained by the structure of the international system.

Great powers --- International relations --- Philosophy --- History --- Great powers. --- Political science --- Philosophy. --- History. --- International Relations --- General. --- Diplomatic history --- International history (Diplomatic history) --- World history --- Powers, Great --- Super powers --- Superpowers --- World politics --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- International relations - Philosophy --- International relations - History

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Cassels traces the part played by ideology in international relations over the past two centuries. Incorporating political, social, cultural and economic factors he establishes links between ideas and action, ideology and political behaviour

International relations --- Ideology. --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Philosophy --- Political science --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Diplomatic history --- International history (Diplomatic history) --- World history --- Philosophy. --- History. --- Ideology --- History --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- International relations. Foreign policy --- International relations - Philosophy --- International relations - History

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"This volume explores the successes as well as failures of great states attempting to create grand strategies that work and discusses of some of the extraordinary difficulties involved"-- "Within a variety of historical contexts, The Shaping of Grand Strategy addresses the most important tasks states have confronted: namely, how to protect their citizens against the short-range as well as long-range dangers their polities confront in the present and may confront in the future. To be successful, grand strategy demands that governments and leaders chart a course that involves more than simply reacting to immediate events. Above all, it demands they adapt to sudden and major changes in the international environment, which more often than not involves the outbreak of great conflicts but at times demands recognition of major economic, political, or diplomatic changes. This collection of essays explores the successes as well as failures of great states attempting to create grand strategies that work and aims at achieving an understanding of some of the extraordinary difficulties involved in casting, evolving, and adapting grand strategy to the realities of the world"--

STRATEGY--HISTORY --- INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS--HISTORY --- Strategy --- Strategic culture --- Culture --- Military policy --- National security --- Military strategy --- Military art and science --- Military doctrine --- History --- Europe --- United States --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Politics and government --- Politics and government. --- Government --- History, Political --- Arts and Humanities

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How states cooperate in the absence of a sovereign power is a perennial question in international relations. With Power in Concert, Jennifer Mitzen argues that global governance is more than just the cooperation of states under anarchy: it is the formation and maintenance of collective intentions, or joint commitments among states to address problems together. The key mechanism through which these intentions are sustained is face-to-face diplomacy, which keeps states' obligations to one another salient and helps them solve problems on a day-to-day basis. Mitzen argues that the origins of this practice lie in the Concert of Europe, an informal agreement among five European states in the wake of the Napoleonic wars to reduce the possibility of recurrence, which first institutionalized the practice of jointly managing the balance of power. Through the Concert's many successes, she shows that the words and actions of state leaders in public forums contributed to collective self-restraint and a commitment to problem solving-and at a time when communication was considerably more difficult than it is today. Despite the Concert's eventual breakdown, the practice it introduced-of face to face diplomacy as a mode of joint problem solving-survived and is the basis of global governance today.

International relations. Foreign policy --- International cooperation --- International relations --- World politics --- Public relations and politics --- Concert of Europe --- History --- Concert of Europe. --- #SBIB:93H3 --- #SBIB:327.1H10 --- European concert --- Great powers --- International organization --- Politics, Practical --- Politics and public relations --- Public relations --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- Cooperation, International --- Institutions, International --- International institutions --- Cooperation --- Thematische geschiedenis --- Internationale betrekkingen: theorieën --- Political aspects --- International cooperation - History - 19th century --- International relations - History - 19th century --- World politics - 19th century --- Public relations and politics - History - 19th century

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Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age is an interdisciplinary introduction to cross-cultural encounters in the early modern age (1400-1800) and their influences on the development of world societies. In the aftermath of Mongol expansion across Eurasia, the unprecedented rise of imperial states in the early modern period set in motion interactions between people from around the world. These included new commercial networks, large-scale migration streams, global biological exchanges, and transfers of knowledge across oceans and continents. These in turn wove together the major regions of the world. In an age of extensive cultural, political, military, and economic contact, a host of individuals, companies, tribes, states, and empires were in competition. Yet they also cooperated with one another, leading ultimately to the integration of global space.

Social history --- Acculturation --- Culture and globalization --- International cooperation --- World politics --- International relations --- History. --- Europe --- Asia --- Relations --- World history --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1400-1499 --- History --- Diplomatic history --- International history (Diplomatic history) --- Cooperation, International --- Global governance --- Institutions, International --- Interdependence of nations --- International institutions --- World order --- Cooperation --- International organization --- Globalization and culture --- Globalization --- Culture contact --- Development education --- Civilization --- Culture --- Ethnology --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Cultural fusion --- Culture contact (Acculturation) --- Arts and Humanities --- Social history - 16th century --- Social history - 17th century --- Social history - Medieval, 500-1500 --- Acculturation - History --- Culture and globalization - History --- International cooperation - History --- World politics - To 1900 --- International relations - History --- Europe - Relations - Asia --- Asia - Relations - Europe