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During the 20th century, the world experienced an unprecedented rise in people's cognitive abilities. IQs increased 30 points (with the average IQ remaining 100 only because publishers reset the "average" on their tests). Yet, society's ability to confront serious problems in the world seems as challenged as ever. Problems such as air pollution, global climate change, increasing disparity of incomes, disputes that never seem to move toward resolution (such as between the Israelis and Palestinians), and increasing antibiotic resistance-all of these and many other problems seem to defy us, despite our elevated IQs. Why are there so many serious problems still confronting the world? Why is IQ insufficient for solving serious problems where differences in people's interests are at stake? How can intelligence, broadly defined, help us to create a better world and solve the seemingly intractable problems the world confronts? The essays in this book address these questions and provide some directions for answers.

Human information processing. --- Information processing, Human --- Bionics --- Information theory in psychology --- Perception

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Questioning Consciousness brings together neuroscientific, psychological and phenomenological research, combining in a readable format recent developments in image research and neurology. It reassesses the mind-body relation and research on 'mental models', abstract concept formation, and acquisition of logical and apparently 'imageless' inference skills. It is argued that to be conscious of an object is essentially to imagine in a habituated way what would happen if we were to perform certain actions in relation to the object; and that mental images fit together to build up abstract co

Apperception. --- Consciousness. --- Human information processing. --- Philosophical anthropology --- Information processing, Human --- Bionics --- Information theory in psychology --- Perception --- Educational psychology --- Psychology --- Comprehension --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Philosophy --- Spirit --- Self

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Biological and machine systems exist within a complex and changing three-dimensional world. We appear to have no difficulty understanding this world, but how do we go about forming a perceptual model of it? Centred around three key themes: depth processing and stereopsis; motion and navigation in 3D; and natural scene perception, this volume explores the latest cutting-edge research into the perception of three dimension environments. It features contributions from top researchers in the field, presenting both biological and computational perspectives. Topics covered include binocular perception; blur and perceived depth; stereoscopic motion in depth; and perceiving and remembering the shape of visual space. This unique book will provide students and researchers with an overview of ongoing research as well as perspectives on future developments in the field. Colour versions of a selection of the figures are available at www.cambridge.org/9781107001756.

Depth perception. --- Binocular vision. --- Human information processing. --- Information processing, Human --- Bionics --- Information theory in psychology --- Perception --- Vision --- Panum's fusional area --- Distance perception --- Space perception

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Structural information theory is a coherent theory about the way the human visual system organises a raw visual stimulus into objects and object parts. To humans, a visual stimulus usually has one clear interpretation even though, in theory, any stimulus can be interpreted in numerous ways. To explain this, the theory focuses on the nature of perceptual interpretations rather than on underlying process mechanisms and adopts the simplicity principle which promotes efficiency of internal resources rather than the likelihood principle which promotes veridicality in the external world. This theoretically underpinned starting point gives rise to quantitative models and verifiable predictions for many visual phenomena, including amodal completion, subjective contours, transparency, brightness contrast, brightness assimilation and neon illusions. It also explains phenomena such as induced temporal order, temporal context effects and hierarchical dominance effects, and extends to evaluative pattern qualities such as distinctiveness, interestingness and beauty.

Human information processing. --- Information theory in psychology. --- Psychology --- Information processing, Human --- Bionics --- Information theory in psychology --- Perception --- Health Sciences --- Psychiatry & Psychology

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Cognitive neuroscience --- Cognitive neuroscience. --- Mental Processes --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Cognitive Science --- Cognitive Sciences --- Science, Cognitive --- Sciences, Cognitive --- Human Information Processing --- Information Processing, Human --- Cognitive neuropsychology --- Mental Processes. --- Cognitive Science. --- Cognitive science --- Neuropsychology --- Neuroscience --- Behavior And Behavior Mechanism