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This book contains selected papers from the 9th annual conference of the Hellenic Society of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise (2019). Exercise biochemistry and exercise physiology are two closely related sport sciences that examine how muscle activity alters the way our bodies (and those of other animals) function at the levels of molecules, cells, organs, and whole body. Included in the book is original research on biochemical and physiological adaptations of children, adolescents, and adults to exercise training; on the use of biochemical and physiological tests to assess sport performance; and on how exercise can fight disease.

intermittent swimming --- swimming training --- arm stroke rate --- arm stroke length --- validity --- range of motion --- hamstrings --- stretching exercises --- gymnastics --- team sports --- straight leg raise --- youth --- fascicle length --- muscle thickness --- maturation --- musculotendinous junction --- ultrasound --- breast cancer --- chemotherapy --- physical activity --- quality of life --- exercise --- QoL --- treatment --- preadolescence --- child --- post-activation performance enhancement --- sprint --- warm-up --- rate of perceived exertion --- haemoglobin --- diabetes --- fitness --- cardiovascular health --- nutrition --- aerobic fitness --- intermittent exercise --- prepubertal children --- lactate threshold --- continuous swimming --- physiological responses --- biomechanical parameters --- female --- adolescence --- resistance training --- plyometric training --- strength training --- endurance --- aerobic performance --- running economy --- maximal oxygen consumption --- oxygen fractional utilization --- running

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Biomarkers of environmental toxicants are measures of exposures, some of which can serve to assess disease risk and inter-individual susceptibilities. Metabolites, protein and DNA adducts also serve to elucidate the mechanisms of the bioactivation and detoxication of reactive toxicant intermediates. Some environmental chemicals act as modulators of gene and protein activity, and induce the dysbiosis of the microbiome, which impacts the metabolome and overall health. In this Special Issue on “Biomarkers of Environmental Toxicants”, review articles and original research studies are featured, covering the latest bioanalytical, biochemical and mass spectrometry-based technologies, to monitor exposures through targeted and non-targeted methods, and mechanistic studies that examine the biological effects of environmental toxicants in cells and humans. Diverse topics, such as exposome, microbiome, DNA/protein adducts and t-RNA modifications, as well as important environment toxicants, including heavy metals, benzene, phthalates, aldehydes, glycidol, tobacco smoke and aristolochic acids, are covered. Novel analytical methods, such as protein adductomics, DNA adduct analysis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, site-specific mutagenesis assay and accelerator mass spectrometry, are also included. This collection provides a valuable update of the most recent biochemical and analytical tools that employ biomarkers in toxicology research, biomarker discovery, and exposure and risk assessment in population-based studies.

manganese --- lead --- cadmium --- arsenic --- hair --- children --- environment --- carcinogen --- DNA adducts --- biomonitoring --- formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues --- biomarker --- mass spectrometry --- human biomonitoring --- urine --- non-occupational exposure --- S-phenyl-mercapturic acid --- HPLC-MS/MS --- glycidol --- Hb adduct --- N-(2.3-dihydroxypropyl)valine --- in vivo --- cancer risk --- UPLC/MS/MS --- aristolochic acids --- food contamination --- environmental pollution --- root uptake --- aristolochic acid nephropathy --- Balkan endemic nephropathy --- chronic kidney disease --- tobacco smoke --- human carcinogen --- biomarkers --- epitranscriptomics --- tRNA modifications --- stress response mechanisms --- codon-biased translation --- phthalate --- DEHP --- human exposure --- toxicity --- reproductive --- accelerator mass spectrometry --- cavity ring down spectrophotometry --- radiocarbon --- naphthalene --- benzo[a]pyrene --- cell turnover --- triclocarban --- metastasis --- haemoglobin --- albumin --- protein adducts --- aldehydes --- genotoxicity --- cancer --- diseases --- oxidative stress --- exposure biomarkers --- high-resolution mass spectrometry --- data-dependent profiling --- derivatization --- biological fluids --- isotope labeling --- DNA lesion --- DNA damage --- shuttle vector technique --- replication block --- mutagenicity --- mutational spectrum --- mutational signature --- DNA repair --- DNA adduct bypass --- site-specific mutagenesis --- chemical exposome --- environmental monitoring --- disease --- bioinformatics --- gut microbiome --- chemical toxicity --- n/a

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In this book, the emphasis is on various training interventions. Types of exercises that can help improve performance in athletes and health in people facing poor movement diseases.Also, we have presented a variety of strength training interventions in the form of various types of research. On the other hand, we continue to monitor internal and external loads related to non-contact injuries and performance analysis.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- COVID-19 --- immune response --- chronic diseases --- exercise --- oxidative stress --- anti-inflammatory treatment --- fibroblast growth factor 21 --- cytokines --- myokines --- anabolic–androgenic steroids --- athletes --- baroreflex sensitivity --- cardiac autonomic nervous system --- cardiac function --- physical guidance --- tracking task --- cerebral palsy --- challenge point framework --- frequency --- virtual driving --- physical activity --- behavioral status --- mental state --- older men --- reaction time --- visual coordination --- visual reaction --- female --- football --- autonomic modulation --- fatigue --- training load --- altitude --- haemoglobin --- erythropoietin --- hypoxia --- endurance --- sand --- occupational health --- tactical athlete --- landing error scoring system --- reactive strength index --- tactical personnel --- force plates --- military --- law enforcement --- neuromuscular fatigue --- spinal curvature --- Paralympic volleyball --- compensation strategy --- thoracic hyperkyphosis --- adapted training --- low back pain --- kidney failure --- AKI --- health --- biomarkers --- strenuous exercise --- mountain running --- kidney function --- off-road running --- performance --- kinematics --- laser --- computer vision --- inertial device --- IMU --- injury risk --- high load --- external monitoring --- high-speed distance --- global positioning system --- movement analysis --- handball shot --- internal load --- shot precision --- motor decisions-making --- GPS --- T-Patterns --- acceleration --- motor praxeology --- role --- anatomy --- spine --- thoracic spine --- low back --- lumbar spine --- biomechanics --- rowing --- antioxidant status --- nutrition --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- biomechanical analysis --- pressure insoles --- Xsens motion capture system --- performance analysis --- recreational skiers --- dry-land training --- GEE modeling --- oxygen consumption --- strength training --- surface electromyography --- bone mineral --- skeletomuscular robusticity --- elite athletes --- DEXA --- executive functions --- shooting performance --- gender differences --- cadets --- resistance training --- power exercise --- team sport --- conditioning capabilities --- lower extremity --- dynamic balance --- dose–response --- training intensity --- elastic bands --- chain --- eccentric training --- decline squat --- patellar tendon --- sonoelastography --- stiffness