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This book has been developed as a forest inventory textbook for students and can also serve as a handbook for practical foresters. The book is divided into four sections. The first section deals mostly with sampling issues. First, we present the basic sampling designs at a fairly non-technical mathematical level. In addition, we present some more advanced sampling issues often needed in forest inventory. Those include for instance problems with systematic sampling, and methods for sampling vegetation or rare populations. Forest inventory also includes issues that are unique to forestry, like problems in measuring sample plots in the field, or utilising sample tree measurements. These issues include highly sophisticated methodology, but we try to present these also such that forestry students can grasp the ideas behind them. Each method is presented with examples. For foresters who need more details, references are given to more advanced scientific papers and books in the fields of statistics and biometrics. Forest inventories in many countries involve much more than sampling and measurement issues. Most applications nowadays involve remote sensing technology of some sort, so that section II deals with the use of remote sensing material for this purpose. Examples of multi-phase and multi-source inventory are presented. Methods suitable for special applications, like stand-level or global-level inventory, are also presented. Section III deals with national inventories carried out in different parts of the world. Examples of forest inventory in selected countries around the world are presented. Section IV is an attempt to outline some future possibilities of forest inventory methodologies.
Forest mapping. --- Forest surveys. --- Forest inventories --- Forest surveying --- Forests and forestry --- Natural resources surveys --- Vegetation surveys --- Forest surveys --- Vegetation mapping --- Surveying --- Mapping --- methodology --- Models --- Sampling --- Végétation --- vegetation --- Botanical composition --- cartography --- case studies --- data collection --- Spectrometry --- Satellites --- Photogrammetry --- Aerial surveying --- Geographical information systems --- Finland --- Sweden --- Germany --- India --- Indonesia --- China --- Canada --- USA --- Forests and forestry. --- Statistics. --- Forestry. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences. --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- vegetation. --- Remote sensing. --- Statistics . --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics
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The book presents the state-of-the-art of forest resources assessments and monitoring and provides links to practical applications of forest and natural resource assessment programs. It gives an overview of current forest inventory systems and discusses forest mensuration, sampling techniques, remote sensing applications, geographic and forest information systems, and multi-resource forest inventory. In addition to the assessment of the productive functions of forests, particular attention is given to the quantification of non-wood goods and services and the relationship of forests to other landscape elements. All methodology is presented in the framework of sustainable management of the multiple functions that forests provide to the natural environment and to society. The book was developed as a reference text for (forest) biometricians, practitioners involved in forest and natural resources assessment and monitoring programs, and graduate students with a strong interest in becoming forest inventory specialists.
Forests and forestry --- Forest management. --- Measurement. --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Ecosystem management --- Natural resources --- Forest measurement --- Forest mensuration --- Log scaling --- Timber --- Measurement --- Management --- Administration --- Control --- Mensuration --- Forest inventories --- Sampling --- Geographical information systems --- Forests and forestry. --- Landscape ecology. --- Biodiversity. --- Statistics. --- Global analysis (Mathematics). --- Forestry. --- Forestry Management. --- Landscape Ecology. --- Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences. --- Analysis. --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Ecology --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Analysis, Global (Mathematics) --- Differential topology --- Functions of complex variables --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Forestry management. --- Statistics . --- Mathematical analysis. --- Analysis (Mathematics). --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical analysis
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Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has emerged as one of the most promising remote sensing technologies to provide data for research and operational applications in a wide range of disciplines related to management of forest ecosystems. This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the research and application of ALS in a broad range of forest-related disciplines. However, this book is more than just a collection of individual contributions – it consists of a well-composed blend of chapters dealing with fundamental methodological issues and contributions reviewing and illustrating the use of ALS within various domains of application. The main aim of this book is to provide the scientific and technical background of ALS with a particular focus on applicability in operational forestry. Most of the chapters are devoted to applications in forest inventory and forest ecology such as forest management inventory and assessments of canopy cover, habitats and organism-habitat relationships. Many of the chapters focus on boreal forests simply because methods were initially developed for boreal conditions. However, examples show the most common applications of ALS at various geographical scales; from individual trees, to forest stands, regions and nations. The reviews provide a comprehensive and unique overview of recent research and applications that researchers, students and practitioners of forest remote sensing and forest ecosystem assessment should consider as a useful reference text.
Forests and forestry --- Lasers in forestry. --- Forest management. --- Forest surveys --- Remote sensing. --- Methodology. --- Forest inventories --- Forest surveying --- Natural resources surveys --- Vegetation surveys --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Ecosystem management --- Natural resources --- Surveying --- Management --- Administration --- Control --- Equipment and supplies --- Forests and forestry. --- Environmental sciences. --- Forestry. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Environment, general. --- Environmental science --- Science --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Environment. --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology
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Reliable information on forest resources and the status of forests at the national level is required for various purposes, such as making strategic decisions, formulating regulations and recommendations for forest management, aimed at ensuring the availability of sufficient supply of timber for the forest industries as well as in their strategic planning of investments. It is also essential in planning forest protection and for maintaining biodiversity. Global agreements, such as the Kyoto Protocol, increasingly rely on national forest statistics. National Forest Inventories in Finland have evolved gradually over a period of one hundred years, first with a trial inventory in the 1910s, and since the 1920s, with operative inventories. The sampling design and estimation methods have been continuously revised to correspond with inventory techniques and the available infrastructure. The content, as well as the collected data and variables employed, are constantly adapted to the users' needs. Co-operation with the inventories of other countries, particularly with those of the Nordic countries, has supported these developments. This book demonstrates in detail all phases of the 9th National Forest Inventory of Finland (1996–2003): the planning of the sampling design, measurements, estimation methods and results. The inventory knowledge accumulated during almost one hundred years is consolidated in the book. The purpose of the numerous examples of results is to demonstrate the diversity of the estimates and content of a national forest inventory. The authors hope that the book will help in designing and conducting any large area forest inventory. .
Agroforestry. --- Forest management. --- Forest surveys . --- Forestry law and legislation. --- Forests and forestry. --- Forest surveys --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Forestry --- Forest inventories --- Forest surveying --- Forests and forestry --- Surveying --- Life sciences. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Biodiversity. --- Forestry. --- Forestry management. --- Statistics. --- Life Sciences. --- Forestry Management. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences. --- Natural resources surveys --- Vegetation surveys --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Statistics . --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Ecosystem management --- Management --- Administration --- Control --- Forest surveys - Case studies --- Forest surveys - Finland
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Van Laar and Akça’s popular text book, Forest Mensuration, was first published in 1997. Like that first edition, this modern update is based on extensive research, teaching and practical experience in both Europe, and the tropics and subtropics. However, it has also been extensively revised, and now includes chapters on remote sensing and the application of aerial photographs and satellite imagery. As with its predecessor, this book assumes no advanced knowledge of statistical methods, and combines practical techniques with important historical and disciplinary context. The result is a strong balance between a handbook on traditional mensuration methods, and a valuable reference on the many recent research and inventory-related innovations which have emerged in recent years. Written in a highly accessible style, the book is aimed primarily at undergraduate students and forest practitioners – and now includes a wide range of worked examples which will provide guidance for readers wishing to process their own data. However, with its wide scope, and including many new instruments for forest measurement, the book will also act as an extremely useful reference material for postgraduate students and forest scientists.
Forests and forestry --- Forest surveys. --- Measurement. --- Forest inventories --- Forest surveying --- Natural resources surveys --- Vegetation surveys --- Forest measurement --- Forest mensuration --- Log scaling --- Timber --- Measurement --- Surveying --- Mensuration --- Forests and forestry. --- Environmental management. --- Conservation biology. --- Forestry Management. --- Forestry. --- Environmental Management. --- Conservation Biology/Ecology. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Ecology --- Nature conservation --- Forestry management. --- Ecology . --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Ecosystem management --- Administration --- Control --- Forest management. --- Ecology.
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The Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI) is a forest survey on national level which started in 1982 and has already reached its 5th survey cycle (NFI5). It can be characterized as a multisource and multipurpose inventory where information is mainly collected from terrestrial field surveys using permanent sample plots. In addition, data from aerial photography, GIS and forest service questionnaires are also included. The NFI's main objective is to provide statistically reliable and sound figures to stakeholders such as politicians, researchers, ecologists, forest service, timber industry, national and international organizations as well as to international projects such as the Forest Resources Assessment of the United Nations. For Switzerland, NFI results are typically reported on national and regional level. State of the art methods are applied in all fields of data collection which have been proven to be of international interest and have even served as a basis for other European NFIs. The presented methods are applicable to any sample based forest inventory around the globe. In 2001 the Swiss NFI published its methods for the first time. Since then, many methodological changes and improvements have been introduced. This book describes the complete set of methods and revisions since NFI2. It covers various topics ranging from inventory design and statistics to remote sensing, field survey methods and modelling. It also describes data quality concepts and the software framework used for data storage, statistical analysis and result presentation.
Forests and forestry. --- Statistics. --- Natural resources. --- Forestry. --- Statistics for Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry and Earth Sciences. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Natural Resources. --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Economic aspects --- Forest surveys. --- Forest inventories --- Forest surveying --- Forests and forestry --- Natural resources surveys --- Vegetation surveys --- Surveying --- Statistics . --- Environmental monitoring. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Measurement --- Monitoring
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Drawing upon a wealth of past research and results, this book provides a comprehensive summary of state-of-the-art methods for empirical modeling of forest trees and stands. It opens by describing methods for quantifying individual trees, progresses to a thorough coverage of whole-stand, size-class and individual-tree approaches for modeling forest stand dynamics, growth and yield, moves on to methods for incorporating response to silvicultural treatments and wood quality characteristics in forest growth and yield models, and concludes with a discussion on evaluating and implementing growth and yield models. Ideal for use in graduate-level forestry courses, this book also provides ready access to a plethora of reference material for researchers working in growth and yield modeling. .
Forests and forestry -- Mathematical models. --- Forests and forestry --- Trees --- Forest surveys --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Forestry --- Mathematical models --- Growth --- Data processing --- Mathematical models. --- Data processing. --- Forest inventories --- Forest surveying --- Dendrology --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Surveying --- Life sciences. --- Biostatistics. --- Community ecology, Biotic. --- Forestry. --- Forestry management. --- Trees. --- Life Sciences. --- Forestry Management. --- Tree Biology. --- Community & Population Ecology. --- Natural resources surveys --- Vegetation surveys --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Timber --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Forests and forestry. --- Statistical methods. --- Ecology. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Biological statistics --- Biometrics (Biology) --- Biostatistics --- Biomathematics --- Statistics --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Ecosystem management --- Statistical methods --- Management --- Administration --- Control
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